Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Latin America: a systematic review of the literature

Buonfrate, Dora; Mena, M; Angheben, Andrea; Requena-Méndez, Ana; Muñóz, José; Gobbi, Federico; Albonico, Marco; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Bisoffi, Zeno

doi:10.1017/s0950268814001563

Cited by 67 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In low-middle-income countries, just as in developed nations, there is a trend for there to be a decrease in the number of [3,11,13,14,32,33,[35][36][37]43,44,61,63] IFAT, immunofluorescence antibody test; LIPS, luciferase immunoprecipitation system; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; STS, sedimentation in tube.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second study, conducted on samples from Tanzania, showed a PCR sensitivity of 17.4% as compared with the Baermann technique. Surveys based on serology, on the other hand, have consistently reported a higher prevalence than those based on faecal diagnosis [3,[32][33][34]. Serology was also used for a survey in the elderly population of Italy, in which a surprisingly high prevalence was found in subjects with eosinophilia [35].…”

Section: Prevalence Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been estimated that at least 370 million people are infected [1]. In some areas, 60% of the local population are infected [2,3]. This nematode has some peculiarities that differentiate it from the other STHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Buonfrate

Formenti

Perandin

et al. 2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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179

163

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Strongyloides stercoralis differs from the other soil-transmitted helminths because it puts infected subjects at risk of a fatal syndrome (in cases of immunosuppression for medical conditions, immunosuppressant therapies, or both). Chronic strongyloidiasis is often a non-severe condition, or is sometimes even asymptomatic, but diagnosis and effective therapy are essential in order to eradicate the infection and the life-long risk involved. Therefore, diagnostic methods need to be highly sensitive. Stool microscopy and the Kato-Katz technique are commonly used in prevalence studies, but they are inadequate for S. stercoralis detection. This is probably the main reason why the global prevalence has long been underestimated. Concentration methods, the Baermann technique and Koga agar plate culture have better, but still unsatisfactory, sensitivity. Serological tests have demonstrated higher sensitivity; although some authors have concerns about their specificity, it is possible to define cut-off values over which infection is almost certain. In particular, the luciferase immunoprecipitation system technique combined with a recombinant antigen (NIE) demonstrated a specificity of almost 100%. ELISA coproantigen detection has also shown promising results, but still needs full evaluation. Molecular diagnostic methods are currently available in a few referral centres as in-house techniques. In this review, on the basis of the performance of the different diagnostic methods, we outline diagnostic strategies that could be proposed for different purposes, such as: prevalence studies in endemic areas; individual diagnosis and screening; and monitoring of cure in clinical care and clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Buonfrate

Formenti

Perandin

et al. 2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Self Cite

179

163

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“…A sample of 2,554 schoolchildren enrolled in 48 schools across the nation were examined and a prevalence of 0.4% for S. stercoralis was found (while prevalences for A. lumbricoides , T. trichiura and hookworms were 22.3%, 34% and 0.9%, respectively) [87]. In Honduras, as in many countries, S. stercoralis is rarely recognized as a public health problem [88], and future studies should strive to integrate its diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School hygiene and deworming are key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAmong many neglected tropical diseases endemic in Honduras, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are of particular importance. However, knowledge gaps remain in terms of risk factors involved in infection transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with STH infections in schoolchildren living in rural Honduras.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Honduran rural schoolchildren in 2011. Demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire and STH infections were determined by the Kato-Katz method. Logistic regression models accounting for school clustering were used to assess putative risk factors for infection.ResultsA total of 320 children completed the study. Prevalences for any STH and for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were: 72.5%, 30.3%, 66.9% and 15.9%, respectively. A number of risk factors were identified at the individual, household, and school level. Boys were at increased odds of infection with hookworms (OR 2.33, 95% CI = 1.23-4.42). Higher socio-economic status in the family had a protective effect against infections by A. lumbricoides (OR 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65-0.99) and T. trichiura (OR 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63-0.94).Low school hygiene conditions significantly increased the odds for ascariasis (OR 14.85, 95% CI = 7.29-30.24), trichuriasis (OR 7.32, 95% CI = 3.71-14.45), mixed infections (OR 9.02, 95% CI = 4.66-17.46), and ascariasis intensity of infection (OR 3.32, 95% CI = 1.05 -10.52).Children attending schools not providing deworming treatment or that had provided it only once a year were at increased odds of ascariasis (OR 10.40, 95% CI = 4.39-24.65), hookworm (OR 2.92, 95% CI = 1.09-7.85) and mixed infections (OR 10.57, 95% CI = 4.53-24.66).ConclusionsPoverty-reduction strategies will ultimately lead to sustainable control of STH infections in Honduras, but as shorter-term measures, uninterrupted bi-annual deworming treatment paired with improvements in school sanitary conditions may result in significant reductions of STH prevalence among Honduran schoolchildren.

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“…Strongyloides stercoralis , an intestinal parasitic nematode, infects 30‐100 million people worldwide and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions . Strongyloidiasis can occur without any symptoms or as a potentially fatal hyperinfection or disseminated infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis among transplant candidates

Paula

Malta

Marques

et al. 2018

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Strongyloidiasis can occur without any symptoms or as a potentially fatal hyperinfection or disseminated infection, principally in immunosuppressed patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the application of conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among transplant candidates were applied in stool samples obtained from 150 transplant candidates, preliminarily analyzed by parasitological methods. S. stercoralis larvae were visualized in 15/150 (10.0%) transplant candidates by parasitological methods. DNA from S. stercoralis was amplified in 26/150 (17.3%) and 49/150 (32.7%) stool samples of transplant candidates, using cPCR and qPCR, respectively. The results suggest that molecular methods, especially qPCR, should be used as an additional tool for diagnostic of S. stercoralis infection among transplant candidates.

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Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Latin America: a systematic review of the literature

Cited by 67 publications

References 63 publications

Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection

School hygiene and deworming are key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras

Molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis among transplant candidates

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