Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: Findings from the national serosurvey, May-June 2020

Murhekar, Manoj; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Selvaraju, Sriram; Rade, Kiran; Velusamy, Saravanakumar; Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian; Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh; Shah, Naman K.; Sabarinathan, R.; Turuk, Alka; Anand, Praveen Kumar; Asthana, Smita; Balachandar, Rakesh; Bangar, Sampada Dipak; Bansal, Avi Kumar; Bhat, Jyothi; Chakraborty, Debjit; Rangaraju, Chethana; Chopra, Vishal; Das, Dasarathi; Deb, Alok Kumar; Devi, Kangjam Rekha; Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj; Khan, S. Muhammad Salim; Haq, Inaamul; Kumar, M. Sunil; Laxmaiah, Avula; Madhuka,; Mahapatra, Amarendra; Mitra, Anindya; Nirmala, A; Pagdhune, Avinash; Qurieshi, Mariya Amin; Ramarao, Tekumalla; Sahay, Seema; Sharma, Y.K.; Shrinivasa, Marinaik Basavegowdanadoddi; Shukla, Vijay Kumar; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Viramgami, Ankit; Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor; Yadav, Ramesh Singh; Kumar, C P Girish; Luke, Hanna Elizabeth; Ranganathan, Uma Devi; Babu, Subash; Sekar, Krithikaa; Yadav, Pragya; Sapkal, Gajanan; Das, Ashim; Das, Pradeep; Dutta, Shanta; Hemalatha, R.; Kumar, Ashwani; Narain, Kanwar; Narasimhaiah, Somashekar; Panda, Samiran; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patil, Shripad A.; Sarkar, Kamalesh; Singh, Shalini; Kant, Rajni; Tripathy, Srikanth; Toteja, G S; Babu, Giridhara R; Kant, Shashi; Muliyil, Jaya Prakash; Pandey, Ravindra Mohan; Sarkar, Swarup; Singh, Sujeet Kumar; Zodpey, Sanjay; Gangakhedkar, Raman; Reddy, D. C. S.; Bhargava, Balram

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3290_20

Cited by 199 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…No age or sex differences were found in the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These results are in line with what emerged in previous researches [17,[24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in People Involved in Different Essential Activities during the General Lock-Down Phase in the Province of Prato (Tuscany, Italy)

et al. 2020

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Serosurveys may help to assess the transmission dynamics in high-risk groups. The aim of the study was to assess the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people who had performed essential activities during the lock-down period in the Province of Prato (Italy), and to evaluate the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 according to the type of service. All the workers and volunteers of the Civil Protection, employees of the municipalities, and all the staff of the Health Authority of the Province of Prato were invited to be tested with a rapid serological test. A total of 4656 participants were tested. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found in 138 (2.96%) cases. The seroprevalence in health care workers, in participants involved in essential support services and in those who worked from home were 4.1%, 1.4% and 1.0%, respectively. Health care workers experienced higher odds of seropositivity (OR 4.38, 95%CI 2.19–10.41) than participants who were assigned to work-from-home; no significant seropositivity differences were observed between support services and work-from-home groups. A low circulation of SARS-CoV-2 was observed among participants performing different essential activities. Findings highlighted the risk of in-hospital transmission in healthcare workers and that community support services may increase the risk of seropositivity to a limited extent in low incidence areas.

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“…No age or sex differences were found in the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These results are in line with what emerged in previous researches [17,[24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in People Involved in Different Essential Activities during the General Lock-Down Phase in the Province of Prato (Tuscany, Italy)

et al. 2020

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“…Seropositivity was higher among Males (5.23%). This is also seen in the ICMR Serosurvey 33 , and other studies around the globe. 20,21,22,23,24,25 .…”

Section: Discussion:-supporting

confidence: 63%

Sero-surveillance (IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 among Asymptomatic General population of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

Satpati

Sarangi²,

Gantait

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic, and the infection due to SARS-CoV-2 has now spread to more than 200 countries . Surveillance systems form the foundation stone of active case finding, testing and contact tracing, which are the key components of the public health response to this novel, emerging infectious disease . There is uncertainty about the true proportion of patients who remain asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic at a given time. As per the WHO-China Joint Monitoring Mission Report, and an analysis of 21 published reports, anywhere between 5 and 80 per cent of SARS CoV 2 infected patients have been noted to be asymptomatic. Whereas in India 4197563 cases are positive, in which in West Bengal total 180788 cases (4.04% of Cases of India) positive of COVID 19. In Paschim Medinipur (West Medinipur) district contributing total 5489 cases (3.03% cases of West Bengal). In this scenario, we want to know the status of IgG seroprevalence of SARS CoV 2 among asymptomatic general population, so that we can determine the extent of infection of SARS CoV 2 in general population. Objectives: Primary Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence for SARS CoV 2 infection in the general asymptomatic population at Paschim Medinipur District. Secondary Objectives: To estimate age and sex specific seroprevalence. To determine the socio demographic risk factors for SARS CoV 2 infection; To determine the other risk factors like comorbidities, vaccination status, travel history, contact history etc.; To determine the durability of Immunity (IgG) conferred by natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals previously RTPCR positive. Methodology: It was a cross sectional 30 cluster study among the population of Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal conducted in last week of July and 1st week of August 2020 among 458 asymptomatic general population and 30 RTPCR positive cases in 30 villages or wards of municipalities. 30 clusters were chosen from list of COVID 19 affected villages/wards of municipality as per PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) method. Results: Of the 458 asymptomatic general population,19 asymptomatic people found to be seropositive IgG for SARS CoV 2 with Mean or average total seropositivity rate of 4.15%. 19 Out of 30 (63.33%) RTPCR positive patients found Seronegative. Median of Days between RTPCR test and sero negativity found was 60 with minimum 28 days to maximum 101 days and Range of 73 days and a standard deviation of 19.46. Among risk factors, the risk of having IgG is more in persons having Travel history with odds ratio of 2.99- 95%CI (1.17-7.65) with p-value- 0.02. Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis with Odds ratio of 8.49- 95% CI(1.59-45.19) with p value - 0.003. Occupation as migrant labour with Odds ratio of 5.08- 95% CI(1.96-13.18) with p value of 0.001. H/O Chicken pox with Odds ratio of 2.15- 95% CI(0.59-7.79) with p value of 0.017. Influenza vaccinated with Odds ratio of 8.07 with 95% CI (0.8-81.48) with a p value of 0.036. Conclusion: Of the 458 asymptomatic general population,19 asymptomatic people found to be seropositive IgG for SARS-CoV-2 with Mean or average total seropositivity rate of 4.15%. 19 Out of 30 (63.33%) RTPCR positive patients found Seronegative. Median of Days between RTPCR test and sero negativity found was 60 with minimum 28 days to maximum 101 days and Range of 73 days and a standard deviation of 19.46. Those having Travel History and having occupation as Migrant Labourer have significantly higher probability of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. No role has been found of Hydroxychloroquine Medicines as Chemoprophylactic. No durable immunity conferred by natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 mean time to become seronegative after positive RTPCR test 60 days. So there is a chance of reinfection after average 2 months.

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“…In India, a sero-prevalence survey in 22 states reported for the beginning of May that 0.73% of the 28,000 participants were positive [18]. By June 2020, 23.48% of 21,387 serum samples collected across 11 districts of Delhi had antibodies against COVID [19].…”

Section: Within-nations Reported Tests May Not Include the Poormentioning

confidence: 99%

Could COVID-19 be contained in poor populations by herd immunity rather than by strategies designed for affluent societies or potential vaccine(s)?

Ruppel

Halim

Kikon³

et al. 2021

Global Health Action

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Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: Findings from the national serosurvey, May-June 2020

Cited by 199 publications

References 20 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in People Involved in Different Essential Activities during the General Lock-Down Phase in the Province of Prato (Tuscany, Italy)

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in People Involved in Different Essential Activities during the General Lock-Down Phase in the Province of Prato (Tuscany, Italy)

Sero-surveillance (IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 among Asymptomatic General population of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

Could COVID-19 be contained in poor populations by herd immunity rather than by strategies designed for affluent societies or potential vaccine(s)?

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