Prevalence of Refractive Errors in the Total Population and the Analysis of Myopic Progression in Adults Aged 20 to 39 in the Urban Area of Tirana, Albania

Kleves, Jazxhi

doi:10.4236/ojoph.2021.114024

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…These results of the present study are consistent with the results of other studies from different parts of the world, including those conducted within the African continent but with all previous studies. The age of the patients consulted at the clinic is the determinant of refractive errors of the present study and is consistent with other studies conducted outside Africa 42,52,58 and inside Africa 24,35,49,53 including South Africa 34 but not consistent with other studies outside Africa 15,17,40,42,45,46,58,59 and inside Africa. 23,24,25,32,53 The present study assessed if the UPFS classifications were determinants of refractive errors or not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The prevalence of myopia in the right (10.0%) and left eyes (16.1%) of the present study with a range of 10.0% -17.5% in both samples did not necessarily agree with that of other previous studies. For example, the prevalence of myopia in the right and left eyes is larger than that for previous studies with the prevalence ranging from 4% to 7% conducted inside and outside Africa 19,22,27,35,36,37,38,39,40,41 but is smaller than that of other studies where the prevalence ranged from 27% to 33.8%. 15,22,27,30,37,42,43,44,45,46 The prevalence of hyperopia for the right and left eyes of the present study in both stratified random samples (for 2018 and 2019) is not similar where the prevalence of hyperopia ranges from 3.8% to 7.53% to that of other studies conducted outside and inside the border of Africa.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The prevalence of hyperopia for the right and left eyes of the present study in two samples is larger than that of other studies where the prevalence ranges from 4.5% to 6.5% 15,18,26,28,30,34,35,36,39,43,45,47,48 but is smaller than that of other studies that were conducted outside the African continent (with the prevalence ranging from 8% to 53.3%). 15,19,22,23,25,27,35,36,37,38,40,44,45,46,49,50,51,52,53 The prevalence of astigmatism in the right and left eyes of the present study in samples ranged from 33.8% to 43.4%. The prevalence of astigmatism in the right and left eyes of the present study is not consistent with other previous studies conducted outside and inside Africa and is smaller than that of some studies where the prevalence ranges from 45.6% to 68.1% 19,22,27,38,52 but is larger than that of other studies conducted outside Africa where the prevalence ranges from 2.8% to 25.7%, which could be because of different population and settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Maluleke,

Hasrod,

Rubin

2024

African Vision and Eye Health

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Background: Refractive errors are common eye disorders affecting people of all age groups worldwide.Aim: To determine the prevalence and determinants of refractive errors among patients attending a rural-based optometry clinic from January 2018 to December 2019.Setting: The study was conducted at Sekororo District Hospital in Mopani District of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study comprising two stratified random samples (2018 and 2019) was conducted based on the clinical records of patients who consulted the clinic. Data were analysed with Statistics or Data Analysis software, STATA ed. 15. Determinants of refractive errors were identified using regression analysis and reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: In the 2018 sample, the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in the right eyes was 10% (95% CI: 7.0–14.2), 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5–1.3) and 43.4% (95% CI: 37.6–49.3), respectively. Left eyes had myopia 16.1% (95% CI: 12.2–21.0), hyperopia 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5–1.3) and astigmatism 40.1% (95% CI: 34.5–46.0). For the 2019 sample, the prevalence of myopia in right eyes was 13.3% (95% CI: 9.5–18.3), hyperopia 3.8% (95% CI: 2.0–7.3) and astigmatism 33.8% (95% CI: 28.0–40.1). Left eyes had myopia 17.5% (95% CI: 13.1–23.0), hyperopia 8.1% (95% CI: 5.2–12.4) and astigmatism 26.9% (95% CI: 21.6–33.0).Conclusion: Across the samples (2018 and 2019) and to laterality (right and left eyes), myopia prevalence ranged from 10% to 17.5% while hyperopia ranged from 3.8% to 8.1%. Astigmatism was most prevalent (ranging from 26.9% to 43.4%).Contribution: This article provides useful information about the prevalence of REs in the district hospital setting. The Department of Health Authority may use the results for policy decisions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Maluleke,

Hasrod,

Rubin

2024

African Vision and Eye Health

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“…In contrast, half of the European population suffer from some refraction error, with around 30% of myopia and 23% of astigmatism (Williams et al, 2015). The comorbidity between astigmatism and myopia also varies among populations; for example, it has been estimated at 3.8% (3250/19,686) in the Albanian population (Kleves, 2021), but at 58% in American children (Fulton et al, 1982). Meanwhile, data from other regions, such as Latin America, is scarce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Genetic Contribution to Astigmatism and Myopia in the Mexican Population

Román-López,

García-Vilchis,

Murillo-Lechuga

et al. 2023

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Astigmatism and myopia are two common ocular refractive errors that can impact daily life, including learning and productivity. Current knowledge suggests that the etiology of these conditions is the result of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Studies in populations of European ancestry have demonstrated a higher concordance of refractive errors in monozygotic (MZ) twins compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins. However, there is a lack of studies on genetically informative samples of multi-ethnic ancestry. This study aimed to estimate the genetic contribution to astigmatism and myopia in the Mexican population. A sample of 1399 families, including 243 twin pairs and 1156 single twins, completed a medical questionnaire about their own and their co-twin’s diagnosis of astigmatism and myopia. Concordance rates for astigmatism and myopia were estimated, and heritability and genetic correlations were determined using a bivariate ACE Cholesky decomposition method, decomposed into A (additive genetic), C (shared environmental) and E (unique environmental) components. The results showed a higher concordance rate for astigmatism and myopia for MZ twins (.74 and .74, respectively) than for DZ twins (.50 and .55). The AE model, instead of the ACE model, best fitted the data. Based on this, heritability estimates were .81 for astigmatism and .81 for myopia, with a cross-trait genetic correlation of rA = .80, nonshared environmental correlation rE = .89, and a phenotypic correlation of rP = .80. These results are consistent with previous findings in other populations, providing evidence for a similar genetic architecture of these conditions in the multi-ethnic Mexican population.

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Prevalence of Refractive Errors in the Total Population and the Analysis of Myopic Progression in Adults Aged 20 to 39 in the Urban Area of Tirana, Albania

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Estimating the Genetic Contribution to Astigmatism and Myopia in the Mexican Population

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