Prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical inactivity in 20- to 29-year-old, Danish men. Relation to sociodemography, physical dysfunction and low socioeconomic status: the Odense Androgen Study

Nielsen, Troels Halfeld; Wraae, Kristian; Brixen, Kim; Hermann, Anne Pernille; Andersen, Marianne; Hagen, Claus

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803197

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Analyses were performed i) with all men included and ii) excluding men with low TT, defined as TT!12.5 nmol/l in the present population (7,8). Any significant effect of genotype on an outcome was further analyzed using linear regression analysis to express the effect (slope) as the change in muscle area or LBM per repeat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respondents (nZ2042) were invited and 784 men were included, of which one dropped out. The 783 men matched the county population as regards body mass index, chronic disease, medication, physical activity, tobacco exposure, sociodemography, and socioeconomic status (7). Three anabolic steroid users were excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study population is described in detail elsewhere (7,8). In brief, 3000 men were randomly drawn from the Danish Central Personal Registry, and they received a questionnaire.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on muscle and adipose tissues in 20–29-year-old Danish men: Odense Androgen Study

Nielsen¹,

Hagen²,

Wraae³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: The number of CAG repeats (CAG n ) within the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene correlates inversely with the transactivation of the receptor. Objective: To examine the impact of CAG n on muscle, fat distribution, and circulating androgen levels. Design, settings and participants: Population-based, cross-sectional study of 783 Danish men aged 20-29 years. Methods: Genotyping was performed in 767 men. Areas of thigh and lower trunk muscle (muscle thigh and muscle lower trunk ), subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT thigh and SAT lower trunk ), and deep adipose tissues (i.m. and visceral) were measured in 393 men by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured in all men by whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The absolute areas acquired by MRI were the main outcomes. The absolute DEXA measurements and relative assessments of both modalities were considered as the secondary outcomes. Results: CAG n (range: 10-32) correlated inversely with absolute muscle thigh (rZK0.108), absolute muscle lower trunk (rZK0.132), relative muscle thigh (rZK0.128), relative muscle lower trunk (rZK0.126), relative LBM lower extremity (rZK0.108), and relative LBM total (rZK0.082), and positively with relative SAT thigh (rZ0.137), relative SAT lower trunk (rZ0.188), relative FM lower extremity (rZ0.107), and relative FM total (rZ0.082). These relationships remained significant, controlling for physical activity, smoking, chronic disease, and age. CAG n did not correlate with any circulating androgen. Conclusions: The CAG repeat polymorphism affects body composition in young men: absolute muscle thigh and absolute muscle lower trunk increase as CAG n decreases. Expressed relatively, muscle areas and LBM increase, while SAT and FM decrease as CAG n decreases. The polymorphism does not affect deep adipose tissues or circulating androgen levels in young men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on muscle and adipose tissues in 20–29-year-old Danish men: Odense Androgen Study

Nielsen¹,

Hagen²,

Wraae³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The number of participants with a BMI O25.0 and 30.0 kg/m 2 was 39.7 and 7.9% respectively, and those with waist size exceeding 102 cm was 11.6%. As previously described (15), the study population matched the background population on key points including age, BMI, physical activity, smoking and socio-economic status. …”

Section: Baseline Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete information on the recruitment of the participants is available elsewhere (15). A random sample of 3000 men aged 20-29 years were issued a questionnaire covering demographics, life style factors and medical history.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid receptor 1 in relation to fat mass distribution

Frost

Nielsen²,

Wraae³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Both animal and human studies have associated the endocannabinoid system with obesity and markers of metabolic dysfunction. Blockade of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) caused weight loss and reduction in waist size in both obese and type II diabetics. Recent studies on common variants of the CB1 receptor gene (CNR1) and the link to obesity have been conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether selected common variants of the CNR1 are associated with measures of obesity and fat distribution. Design and methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs806381, rs10485179 and rs1049353 were genotyped, and body fat and fat distribution were assessed by the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based study comprising of 783 Danish men, aged 20-29 years. Results: The rs806381 polymorphism was significantly associated with visceral fat mass (FM) only, whereas the rs1049353 was significantly and directly associated with visceral and intermuscular FM. None of the SNPs analysed were associated with total body FM or subcutaneous FM. Conclusion:The results point towards a link between common variants of the CNR1 and fat distribution in young men.

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Obesity as malnutrition: The role of capitalism in the obesity global epidemic

Wells¹

2012

American J Hum Biol

109

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The global obesity epidemic remains poorly understood, partly because it has emerged alongside persisting under-nutrition in many populations. At an abstract level, obesity develops from exposure to the "obesogenic niche," comprising diverse factors predisposing to weight gain. This article first explores how susceptibility to the obesogenic niche is influenced by developmental and life-history experience. Human growth is sensitive to early-life ecological conditions, under the transducing effect of maternal phenotype. Such plasticity is associated with subsequent variability in body composition and metabolism, impacting susceptibility to the obesogenic niche, albeit with heterogeneity across populations. Both nutritional constraint and nutritional excess during early life are associated with variability in relevant molecular pathways. The article then considers the fundamental contribution of capitalist economics to population under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Historically, capitalism contributed to the under-nutrition of many populations through demand for cheap labor. As the limiting factor for economic growth switched to consumption, capitalism has increasingly driven consumer behavior inducing widespread over-nutrition. In populations undergoing nutritional transition, many individuals encounter both under- and over-nutrition within the life course, elevating both susceptibility and exposure to the obesogenic niche. The interactions between global economic forces and nutritional shifts are distributed across generations, and are strongly transduced by maternal effects. The structural connections between undernourished and overnourished worldwide and between under- and over-nutrition within individual life-courses highlight the central role of capitalist economics in the global obesity epidemic. Prevention policies targeting individual behavior have proved ineffective and economic policies are arguably the optimal target for intervention.

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Prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical inactivity in 20- to 29-year-old, Danish men. Relation to sociodemography, physical dysfunction and low socioeconomic status: the Odense Androgen Study

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

The impact of the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on muscle and adipose tissues in 20–29-year-old Danish men: Odense Androgen Study

The impact of the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on muscle and adipose tissues in 20–29-year-old Danish men: Odense Androgen Study

Polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid receptor 1 in relation to fat mass distribution

Obesity as malnutrition: The role of capitalism in the obesity global epidemic

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