Prevalence of oral cancer and pre‐cancer and associated risk factors among tea estate workers in the central Sri Lanka

Ariyawardana, Anura; Sitheeque, Mohaideen; Ranasinghe, A. W.; Perera, Irosha; Tilakaratne, W. M.; Amaratunga, E. A. P. D.; Yang, Yi‐Hsin; Warnakulasuriya, Saman

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00583.x

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…A recent work conducted in Delhi, India by Goyal et al (2014) revealed that Majority cases were doing small business and either unemployed or labourer, more than half patients were from income less than Rs 10,000 (approximately US$ 200) per month and 10 % were from weaker section of society. In line to previous studies (Bhurgri, 2005;Ariyawardana et al, 2007;Warnakulasuriya, 2009;Hosseinpoor et al, 2012) from Asian countries have also reported that low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for oral cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

Krishna¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

Krishna¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…People doing manual occupations such as agriculture, labouring, and working in industries, are at increased risk for developing OC (Dhar et al, 2000;Balaram et al, 2002;Muwonge et al, 2008). In Sri Lanka, for example, tea estate workers are a high risk population (Ariyawardana et al, 2007). Odds ratio (OR) of 2.5-2.8 has been calculated for development of OC among farmers in India (Subapriya et al, 2007;Madani et al, 2010a;Pawar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Conditions (Sec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Asia in the Past Decade- An Update (2000-2012)

Rao¹,

Mejía²,

Roberts‐Thomson³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

394

256

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The prevalence of oral cancers (OC) is high in Asian countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Asian distinct cultural practices such as betel-quid chewing, and varying patterns of tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors that predispose to cancer of the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide an update on epidemiology of OC between 2000 and 2012. A literature search for this review was conducted on Medline for articles on OC from Asian countries. Some of the articles were also hand searched using Google. High incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. While an increasing trend has been observed in Pakistan, Taiwan and Thailand, a decreasing trend is seen in Philippines and Sri Lanka. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in different parts of oral cavity is usually between 51-55 years in most countries. The tongue is the leading site among oral cancers in India. The next most common sites in Asian countries include the buccal mucosa and gingiva. The 5 year survival rate has been low for OC, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol are the main reasons for the increasing incidence rates. Low socioeconomic status and diet low in nutritional value lacking vegetables and fruits contribute towards the risk. In addition, viral infections, such as HPV and poor oral hygiene, are other important risk factors. Hence, it is important to control OC by screening for early diagnosis and controlling tobacco and alcohol use. It is also necessary to have cancer surveillance at the national-level to collect and utilise data for cancer prevention and control programs.

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“…Betel quid, smoking and alcohol have a synergistic effect on the development of leokoplakia another pre cancerous condition. The risk for precancerous lesions were highest among betel chewers (OR 3.01) followed by smoking (OR 2.16) and alcohol (OR 1.41) among tea estate labourers 5 . Betel quid chewing is also associated with cancer of the pharynx and oesophagus 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1982, a study among Sri Lankan villagers found 54% of males and 42% of females to use betel regularly 4 . A study among tea estate labourers found that 92% with oral mucosal lesions reported betel quid chewing 5 . Population based studies in India, Nepal and Pakistan over the past 25 years have found 20-40% of those aged 15 years and over were betel quid or areca nut chewers 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Betel Chewing Among Males in Colombo and Polonnaruwa Districts

Silva¹,

Hanwella

Gunawardena

2011

J Coll Community Phys Sri Lanka

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ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of betel chewing among adult males in a rural and urban district in Sri Lanka and describe the demographic characteristics of betel chewers. MethodsBetel use among 2684 males aged >18 years resident in a rural (Polonnaruwa) and urban (Colombo) district in Sri Lanka was assessed using multistage cluster sampling. Data on quantity and frequency of use was obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire. ResultsPrevalence of betel chewing was 17.6% in the rural and 1.7% in the urban district. In the rural district prevalence was significantly associated with age (p<0.001). In both districts prevalence was lowest among males between 18-24 years of age (2.7%) and highest among those aged> 65 years (36%). In both districts prevalence was significantly associated with income (p<0.05). Prevalence was highest among those with a monthly income Rs. 25000 a month chewed betel. ConclusionsThere was a significant difference in prevalence of betel chewing between rural and urban areas. Betel chewing now remains mainly a habit of the elderly in rural areas.

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Prevalence of oral cancer and pre‐cancer and associated risk factors among tea estate workers in the central Sri Lanka

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

Epidemiology of Oral Cancer in Asia in the Past Decade- An Update (2000-2012)

Prevalence of Betel Chewing Among Males in Colombo and Polonnaruwa Districts

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