Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States

Friedman, DS; Rc, Wolfs; Bj, O'Colmain; Klein, BE K; Taylor, Hugh R.; West, Sheila K.; Mc, Leske; Mitchell, Paul; Congdon, Nathan; Kempen, John H.

doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.532

Cited by 810 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Ocular hypertension (OHT) defines a non-pathologic health status with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but without evidence of the structural or functional damage found with glaucoma. Major risk factors for the pathogenesis of glaucoma include a family history of glaucoma, elevated IOP, age, myopia, thin cornea, diabetes as well as African-American, Afro-Caribbean, Asian or Hispanic ethnicity [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Further risk factors for disease progression of glaucoma include the type of glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, bilateral disease, older age, as well as disc hemorrhages which are associated with a higher rate of disease progression [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2013

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Background: The main objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of severity of disease on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and early, moderate, or advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This multicenter study was conducted at 2 university hospitals and 13 ophthalmology practices in Germany. QoL data were assessed by the Health Utility Index (HUI3) and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Results: 154 patients (17.5% OHT, 27.9% early, 22.7% moderate, and 31.8% advanced POAG) were included. The HUI3 scores for OHT, early, moderate, and advanced POAG were 0.87 ± 0.09, 0.85 ± 0.15, 0.75 ± 0.23, and 0.58 ± 0.32, respectively. Compared to a normal population matched by age and gender, for moderate and severe POAG a difference of -0.06 ± 0.24 and -0.19 ± 0.28, respectively, was observed. NEI-VFQ-25 scores illustrate different dimensions of the impact on QoL; reduced peripheral vision or difficulties to drive a car were more crucial to glaucoma patients than social factors. Conclusions: The key difference for QoL impairment in glaucoma lies between OHT/early POAG versus moderate/severe POAG, hence every possible effort needs to be made to prevent disease progression over this threshold.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2013

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“…[1–8] Risk factors independent of IOP, including vascular impairment, may help to explain this disparity as both impaired vascular function has been associated with glaucoma incidence, prevalence and progression [10,11,17–19] and persons of AD are known to have elevated systemic vascular disease. Persons of AD are known to have increased rates of systemic vascular diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease compared to persons of ED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glaucoma disproportionately affects persons of African descent (AD), affecting six times more persons of AD than those of European descent (ED). [1,2] Persons of AD also have a predilection for earlier development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG), increased disease severity and experience glaucoma progression more quickly, resulting in greater loss of visual function. [3–8] Despite the disparity in glaucoma progression between persons of AD and ED, the contributing mechanisms accounting for such differences in disease disparity have yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic nerve head morphology in glaucoma patients of African descent is strongly correlated to retinal blood flow

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND/AIMS To examine the relationship between change in optic nerve head (ONH) morphology and retinal blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) of African (AD) and European descent (ED) over three years. METHODS 112 patients with OAG (29 AD; 83 ED) underwent assessment of ONH morphology using Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT-III) and retinal blood flow using confocal scanning laser Doppler. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to compare baseline and 3-year measurements and Pearson correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships. RESULTS In OAG patients of AD, change in superior mean retinal blood flow was strongly, negatively correlated with change in cup/disc (C/D) area ratio (r=−0.78, p=0.020) and cup area (r=−0.75, p=0.0283) and strongly, positively correlated with change in rim area (r=0.74, p=0.0328) over three years. In OAG patients of AD, change in inferior mean retinal blood flow was strongly, negatively correlated with changes in C/D area ratio (r=−0.88, p=0.0156) and linear C/D ratio (r=−0.86, p=0.0265) over three years. In OAG patients of ED, these correlations were weak and did not reach statistical significance. DISCUSSION OAG patients of AD may have a stronger vascular component to their glaucoma pathophysiology than patients of ED.

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“…The prevalence of POAG in Chinese populations is reported to be similar to European-derived populations, but is greater in populations from southern India compared to European-derived populations (Foster 2000; Ramakrishnan 2003). According to a 2004 meta-analysis of population-based studies, OAG affects more than two million individuals in the US, and this number is estimated to increase to more than three million by 2020 because of the rapid aging of the US population (Friedman 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults

Sena

Lindsley

2013

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of conditions involving progressive damage to the optic nerve, deterioration of retinal ganglion cells and ultimately visual field loss. It is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Open angle glaucoma (OAG), the commonest form of glaucoma, is a chronic condition that may or may not present with increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Neuroprotection for glaucoma refers to any intervention intended to prevent optic nerve damage or cell death. Objectives The objective of this review was to systematically examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neuroprotective agents for slowing the progression of OAG in adults. Search methods We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 9), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE, (January 1950 to October 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to October 2012), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to October 2012), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 16 October 2012. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which topical or oral treatments were used for neuroprotection in adults with OAG. Minimum follow up time was four years. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts from the literature searches. Full-text copies of potentially relevant studies were obtained and re-evaluated for inclusion. Two review authors independently extracted data related study characteristics, risk of bias, and outcome data. One trial was identified for this review, thus we performed no meta-analysis. Two studies comparing memantine to placebo are currently awaiting classification until additional study details are provided. We documented reasons for excluding studies from the review. Main results We included one multi-center RCT of adults with low-pressure glaucoma (Low-pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study, LoGTS) conducted in the USA. The primary outcome was visual field progression after four years of treatment with either brimonidine or timolol. Of the 190 adults enrolled in the study, 12 (6.3%) were excluded after randomization and 77 (40.5%) did not complete four years of follow up. The rate of attrition was unbalanced between groups with more participants dropping out of the brimonidine group (55%) than the timolol group (29%). Of those remaining in the study at four years, participants assigned to brimonidine showed less visual field progression than participants assigned to timolol (5/45 participants in the brimonidine group compared with 18/56 participants in the timolol...

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Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States

Cited by 810 publications

References 29 publications

Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Optic nerve head morphology in glaucoma patients of African descent is strongly correlated to retinal blood flow

Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults

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