Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Maasai Communities in Simanjiro, Tanzania

Mandha, Juliana; Buza, Joram; Kassim, Neema; Petrucka, Pammla

doi:10.9734/acri/2015/22353

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…HTN in the current study was lower than that reported in the earlier studies on the urban Maasai in Arusha town (27.7%), agro-pastoralists Maasai in Simanjiro District (21.4%) [7], and the national estimate (24.2%) [28]. The reason for the lower prevalence of HTN in our study could be attributed to the physically activeness of the study population.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Pregnant mothers were excluded in the study. A minimum estimated sample size was 960 participants based on the prevalence of hypertension of 21.3 percent recorded in a previous study conducted in 2015, in Simanjiro district, Arusha region, northern, Tanzania [7]. A standard normal value (1.96) at 95 percent confidence interval, 3 percent margin of error (e), and 25 percent probability of non-responses was used.…”

Section: Study Population Sample Size and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tanzania, CVDs accounts for 13percent among the 409,000 total deaths caused by NCDs annually [6]. A study which was carried out among the agro-pastoral community in Tanzania (Simanjiro-Arusha) reported the overall prevalence of HTN of 21.4 percent [7]. However, little has been documented on HLP among the Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red meat consumption and its association with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia among adult Maasai pastoralists of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Background Red meat is an important dietary source of protein and other essential nutrients. Its high intake has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including hypertension (HTN) and hyperlipidaemia (HLP). Despite being physically active, the Maasai at Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) depend heavily on animals' products as their staple food with fewer intakes of vegetables or fruits due to restriction from carrying out agricultural activities within the NCA. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HTN and HLP and their association with red meat consumption among adult Maasai of NCA. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2018 using multistage sampling technique. Eight hundred and ninety-four (894) participants enrolled from seven villages in three wards within NCA Data were collected using a modified WHO NCDs-STEPS tool. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) measurements, and blood samples for glucose and cholesterol tests were obtained from the study participants. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for factors associated with HTN and HLP were estimated using Ordinal and Bayesian logistic regression models, respectively. Results The prevalence of HLP was 23.7 percent. The levels were higher among males than were among the females (29.0% vs. 20.1%, p = 0.002). The prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN (elevated BP) were 9.8 and 37.0 percent, respectively. Both HTN and elevated BP were higher

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Study Population Sample Size and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red meat consumption and its association with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia among adult Maasai pastoralists of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…54 With the rapidly rising rates of overweight, hypertension and diabetes in Tanzania, it is increasingly becoming evident that the soaring rates of consumption of highly processed foods together with low levels of physical activity are playing a dominant role in the NCD epidemic. 33 , 55 , 56 Nonetheless, despite the wide variability in the rates of unhealthy eating (41.9–99.7%) and low physical activity (14.5–86.4%) from studies worldwide, the message is clear that both risks are increasing at a staggering rate. 12 , 15 , 23–28 , 35–46 , 49–51 , 57 , 58 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania

Pallangyo¹,

Komba²,

Mkojera³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Background Notwithstanding the ever-present burden of infectious diseases, the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region has experienced a 67% rise in the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in less than three decades. Furthermore, regardless of the increased recognition of NCDs threat in the region, reliable local estimates and associated drivers are generally lacking. We therefore conducted this cross-sectional study to establish the pattern and correlates of the modifiable NCD risk factors among caregivers of patients attending a tertiary cardiovascular centre in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used a structured questionnaire bearing a modified WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) tool to explore the modifiable behavioral and modifiable biological NCD risk factors. Results A total of 1063 caregivers were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 40.5 years, and 55.7% were female. Nearly 80% of participants had a good knowledge regarding NCDs and 85.4% had a positive family history of NCDs. Overall, 1027 (96.6%) participants had at least one modifiable NCD risk factor while 510 (48.0%) had three or more (i.e., clustering). With respect to modifiable behavioral NCD risk factors, 34 (3.2%) were tobacco users, 56 (5.3%) had harmful alcohol consumption, 691 (65%) had unhealthy eating behavior, and 820 (77.1%) were physically inactive. Pertaining to modifiable biological NCD risk factors, 710 (66.8%) had excess body weight, 420 (39.5%) had hypertension and 62 (5.8%) were diabetic. Conclusion A vast majority of caregivers of NCD patients in this tertiary setting were found to have modifiable NCD risk factors with a strong tendency of clustering. These findings call for intensification of both population strategies and targeted group interventions for better control of the NCD threat and its correlates.

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Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among pastoralists in Monduli District, Arusha region in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background Hypertension is among the growing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries and the leading cause of death worldwide. Pastoral areas have been identified to be at a higher risk of diseases due to challenges in their daily food production, livelihoods or mobility. Unfortunately, the prevalence of hypertension and the risk factors particularly affecting rural and pastoral populations are not fully understood, making intervention efforts challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify the risk factors among adults living in Monduli district in Tanzania. The findings will be useful for the provision of tailored interventions focused on community-specific nutritional and behavioral practices. Methods We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving a sample of 510 adults aged above 18 years selected using a multistage cluster sampling in the Monduli district of Arusha region, Tanzania. Data were collected by using interviewer-administered questionnaires containing socio-demographic, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Anthropometry, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were measured. A one-day 24 h diet recall was conducted to evaluate the dietary habits of all participants. Both linear and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent predictors for hypertension and blood pressure levels. Results The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 25.7% (n = 131, 95% CI; 22.1–29.7). The odds of hypertension increased with being male (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI, 1.06–2.88), belonging to the older age group of 30–39 year olds (AOR = 3.3, 95%CI, 1.76–6.38), 40–59 year olds (AOR = 3.34, 95%CI, 1.75–6.37) and ≥ 60 year olds (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI, 2.02–8.87), being overweight or obese (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI, 1.18–9.62), have more hours spent sedentary (AOR = 3.19, 95%CI, 1.61–6.32), and consumption of fatty foods (AOR = 2.23, 95%CI, 1.27–3.93). The odds for hypertension was significantly reduced among participants who reported higher income (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.25–0.91), high level of physical activity (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI, 0.31–0.96) and those reported to consume fruit (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.18–0.77). Consumption of cereals was negatively associated with levels of SBP (β = − 17.4, 95% CI, − 23.8; − 11.0) and DBP (β = − 6.6, 95% CI, − 11.5,-1.79). Conclusion About one in every four adults living in pastoral communities have been found to have hypertension in this study. Our findings suggest that older age, obesity or overweight, low physical activity, low income, and consumption of fatty foods increase the risk of hypertension among study population. Their diet was dominated by cereals with moderate intake of meat and milk and low fruits. There is a need to promote physical activities and consumption of fruits in the study population in order to fight against hypertension. Further research should be done to confirm the associations.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Maasai Communities in Simanjiro, Tanzania

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Red meat consumption and its association with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia among adult Maasai pastoralists of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

Red meat consumption and its association with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia among adult Maasai pastoralists of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among pastoralists in Monduli District, Arusha region in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

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