Prevalence of humeral head osteochondrosis in the Greater Swiss Mountain dog and the Border Collie in Switzerland

Ohlerth, Stefanie; Senn, Stefan; Geissbühler, Urs; Kircher, Patrick R.; Flückiger, Markus D.

doi:10.17236/sat00091

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cartilage damage that causes pain or lameness is common in people and dogs, either secondary to osteoarthritis in which case cartilage loss is typically diffuse, or as focal cartilage defects secondary to osteochondrosis, trauma, or athletic injury (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Many treatment options for cartilage damage are used in both human and canine medicine, including non-surgical management, osteochondral autografting, or synthetic resurfacing with focal, unicompartmental, or total joint replacement systems (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs

Franklin¹,

Stoker

Murphy³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize outcomes and complications associated with osteochondral allograft transplantation for treating chondral and osteochondral lesions in a group of client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring disease. Records were reviewed for information on signalment, treated joint, underlying pathology (e.g., osteochondritis dissecans; OCD), and type, size, and number of grafts used. Complications were classified as “trivial” if no treatment was provided, “non-surgical” if non-surgical treatment were needed, “minor surgical” if a minor surgical procedure such as pin removal were needed but the graft survived and function was acceptable, or “major” if the graft failed and revision surgery were needed. Outcomes were classified as unacceptable, acceptable, or full function. Thirty-five joints in 33 dogs were treated including nine stifles with lateral femoral condyle (LFC) OCD and 10 stifles with medial femoral condyle (MFC) OCD treated with osteochondral cylinders or “plugs.” There were 16 “complex” procedures of the shoulder, elbow, hip, stifle, and tarsus using custom-cut grafts. In total there were eight trivial complications, one non-surgical complication, two minor surgical complications, and five major complications for a total of 16/35 cases with complications. Accordingly, there were five cases with unacceptable outcomes, all of whom had major complications while the other 30 cases had successful outcomes. Of the 30 cases with successful outcomes, 15 had full function and 15 had acceptable function. Based on these subjective outcome assessments, it appears osteochondral allograft transplantation is a viable treatment option in dogs with focal or complex cartilage defects. However, no conclusions can be made regarding the inferiority or superiority of allograft transplantation in comparison to other treatment options based upon these data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs

Franklin¹,

Stoker

Murphy³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…But, with 4.5% in the proximal humerus, prevalence in A . dirus is similarly high as in modern affected dog breeds such as the Border Collie and the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog [ 25 ]. The development of osteoarthritis (OA) in the OCD-affected dog stifle and shoulder is normally slow and moderate at a young age, and the OA found in the A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the detected stifle OCD prevalence in A. dirus is lower than that in S. fatalis. But, with 4.5% in the proximal humerus, prevalence in A. dirus is similarly high as in modern affected dog breeds such as the Border Collie and the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog [25]. The development of osteoarthritis (OA) in the OCD-affected dog stifle and shoulder is normally slow and PLOS ONE moderate at a young age, and the OA found in the A. dirus shoulders and stifles does not differ much from the modern dog [14].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral defects resembling osteochondrosis dissecans in joint surfaces of the extinct saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis and dire wolf Aenocyon dirus

Schmökel¹,

Farrell

Balisi

2023

PLoS ONE

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Skeletal disease may hamper the behavior of large predators both living and extinct. We investigated the prevalence of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD), a developmental bone disease affecting the joints, in two Ice Age predators: the saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis and dire wolf Aenocyon dirus. As published cases in modern Felidae and wild Canidae are rare, we predicted that subchondral defects resembling OCD would be rare in the extinct predators. We examined limb joints in juvenile and adult S. fatalis: 88 proximal humeri (shoulder), 834 distal femora (stifle), and 214 proximal tibiae. We also examined limb joints in juvenile and adult A. dirus: 242 proximal humeri, 266 distal femora, and 170 proximal tibiae. All specimens are from the Late Pleistocene Rancho La Brea fossil locality in Los Angeles, California, USA. While the Smilodon shoulder and tibia showed no subchondral defects, subchondral defects in the Smilodon femur had a prevalence of 6%; most defects were small (<7mm); and nine adult stifles with defects also showed osteoarthritis. Subchondral defects in the A. dirus femur had a prevalence of 2.6%; most defects were large (>12mm); and five stifles further developed mild osteoarthritis. Subchondral defects in the A. dirus shoulder had a prevalence of 4.5%; most defects were small, and three shoulders developed moderate osteoarthritis. No defects were found in the A. dirus tibia. Contrary to our prediction, we found a high prevalence of subchondral defects in the stifle and shoulder of S. fatalis and A. dirus resembling OCD found in humans and other mammals. As modern dogs affected by OCD are highly inbred, this high prevalence in the fossil taxa may suggest that they experienced inbreeding as they approached extinction. The deep-time history of this disease supports the need for monitoring of animal domestication, as well as conservation, to avoid unexpected surges in OCD under conditions like inbreeding.

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2018

Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats

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Prevalence of humeral head osteochondrosis in the Greater Swiss Mountain dog and the Border Collie in Switzerland

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs

Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs

Subchondral defects resembling osteochondrosis dissecans in joint surfaces of the extinct saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis and dire wolf Aenocyon dirus

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