Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in the sera of patients with HIV infection in São Paulo, Brazil

Mendes-Corrêa, Maria Cássia; Barone, Antonio; Cavalheiro, Norma de Paula; Tengan, Fátima Mitiko; Guastini, Cristina Fátima

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652000000200004

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The low frequency found in our study could be explained by the low incidence of intravenous drug use and the infrequent transfusions in this population, which are very different to those reported in the studies cited from Latin America where intravenous drug use 13,18,25 and past history of transfusion 7 were the main risk factors identified for HCV infection in HIV patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this study indicate that the frequency of HBV markers (38.6%) is similar to that found in other Latin American countries 6,13,20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In contrast, the frequency of anti-HCV in HIV patients (0.8%) is much lower than that found in previous reports from Brazil (Santos and São Paulo), Cuba and Argentina, where the seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 36.2%, 17.7%, 15.5%, and 58.5%, respectively 6,7,13,25 . The low frequency found in our study could be explained by the low incidence of intravenous drug use and the infrequent transfusions in this population, which are very different to those reported in the studies cited from Latin America where intravenous drug use 13,18,25 and past history of transfusion 7 were the main risk factors identified for HCV infection in HIV patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…These data suggest that sexual intercourse is the most probable route hepatitis B exposure regardless of the fact that HBV was not considered as a STI by the subjects of this study (data not shown). In groups of HIV positive patients from Argentina, Brazil and Cuba, the frequencies of HBV markers were 58.5%, 38.6%, and 45.5%, respectively 6,13,20 . In these studies the most important risk factors were male sex, intravenous drug use and/or high risk sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Serological markers and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Hoyos-Orrego

Massaro-Ceballos

Ospina-Ospina

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYBoth hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV) infection are common in HIV-infected individuals as a result of shared risk factors for acquisition. A serological study for HBV and HCV was performed in 251 HIV-positive individuals from Medellín, Colombia. A qualitative RT-PCR for HCV was done in 90 patients with CD4+ T-cell count ≤ 150 per mm 3 . Serological markers for HBV infection were present in 97 (38.6%) patients. Thirty six of them (37.1%) had isolated anti-HBc. A multivariate analysis indicated that the following risk factors were significantly associated with the presence of these markers: age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08), pediculosis pubis (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.33), men who have sex with men and women (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.46-7.13) and men who have sex only with men (OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.58-8.78). The same analysis restricted to women showed syphilis as the only significant risk factor. Thus, HBV infection was considerably associated with high risk sexual behavior. HCV was present in only two (0.8%) of HIV patients. Both of them were positive by RT-PCR and anti-HCV. This low frequency of HIV/HCV coinfection was probably due to the uncommon intravenous drug abuse in this population. The frequent finding of isolated anti-HBc warrants molecular approaches to rule out the presence of cryptic HBV infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this study indicate that the frequency of HBV markers (38.6%) is similar to that found in other Latin American countries 6,13,20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Serological markers and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Hoyos-Orrego

Massaro-Ceballos

Ospina-Ospina

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…2,14 Prevalence varies according to the risk factors present in the studied population. 6,8,13,10 A study 5 conducted in 1996, including 1,457 HIV-infected patients, showed 17.7% prevalence of co-infection with HCV, and 16.3% of coinfected subjects reported as risk factors only having HIV-positive sexual partners, without any other risk factor for the transmission of HIV and HCV.…”

Section: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) -The Etiological Agenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores de risco para infecção pelo HIV em pacientes com o vírus da hepatite C

Silva

Barone

2006

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus share the same routes of transmission. Currently, there is a high frequency of co-infection worldwide, especially among users of injectable drugs and in subjects with history of blood transfusions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors associated to human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. METHODS:We carried out an epidemiological case-control study, including 118 patients (cases) infected by both viruses and 233 patients (controls) infected only by the hepatitis C virus. Between January 1999 and November 2001, patients responded to a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and professional characteristics, and major risk factors for virus infection. After description and initial comparison, variables were evaluated by univariate analysis and then by multivariate logistic regression for variables selected through the maximum likelihood test. RESULTS:Co-infection was associated with female sex (OR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.16-7.08), being divorced/widow (OR=3.91; 95% CI: 1.34-11.35), past or current use of illegal drugs (OR=3.96; 95% CI: 1.55-10.13) and to the habit of sharing pipes or needles (OR=10.28; 95% CI: 4.00-6.42). CONCLUSIONS:Among patients infected with hepatitis C virus, female sex is a risk factor for HIV infection after adjustment for the habit of sharing pipes and needles. Being divorced/widow, use of illegal drugs, and the habit of sharing pipes and syringes were associated to co-infection.

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High frequency of lamivudine resistance mutations in Brazilian patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis B

Mendes-Corrêa

Pinho

Locarnini

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study analyzed the genotype distribution and frequency of lamivudine (LAM) and tenofovir (TDF) resistance mutations in a group of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). A cross-sectional study of 847 patients with HIV was conducted. Patients provided blood samples for HBsAg detection. The load of HBV was determined using an "in-house" real-time polymerase chain reaction. HBV genotypes/subgenotypes, antiviral resistance, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore mutations were detected by DNA sequencing. Twenty-eight patients with co-infection were identified. The distribution of HBV genotypes among these patients was A (n = 9; 50%), D (n = 4; 22.2%), G (n = 3; 16.7%), and F (n = 2; 11.1%). Eighteen patients were treated with LAM and six patients were treated with LAM plus TDF. The length of exposure to LAM and TDF varied from 4 to 216 months. LAM resistance substitutions (rtL180M + rtM204V) were detected in 10 (50%) of the 20 patients with viremia. This pattern and an accompanying rtV173L mutation was found in four patients. Three patients with the triple polymerase substitution pattern (rtV173L + rtL180M + rtM204V) had associated changes in the envelope gene (sE164D + sI195M). Mutations in the BCP region (A1762T, G1764A) and in the precore region (G1896A, G1899A) were also found. No putative TDF resistance substitution was detected. The data suggest that prolonged LAM use is associated with the emergence of particular changes in the HBV genome, including substitutions that may elicit a vaccine escape phenotype. No putative TDF resistance change was detected after prolonged use of TDF.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in the sera of patients with HIV infection in São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Serological markers and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Serological markers and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Fatores de risco para infecção pelo HIV em pacientes com o vírus da hepatite C

High frequency of lamivudine resistance mutations in Brazilian patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis B

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