Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan

Rauf, Abdul; Nadeem, Muhammad; Ali, Akbar; Iqbal, Mudassar; Mustafa, Muhammad Ayaz; Latif, Muhammad Muzammal; Latif, Muhammad Zahid; Ahmed, Nisar; Shakoori, A. R.

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckq084

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The HCV Genotyping for all the 32 samples that were found positive by qualitative PCR shows that genotype 3a is the most abundant among the infected individuals followed by genotype 3b and then 2a. These results show similarities to the previously done studies on Pakistani population about the same issue [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in General Population of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Khan¹

2018

J Trop Dis

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The present study was conducted on the prevalence of Hepatitis C in the general population of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan from January 2017 to October 2017. A total of about 1415 individuals were examined, among which 74 (5.22%) were found positive against HCV antibody test. Of the 1415 examined individuals, 759 (53.6%) were males and 656 (46.4%) were females. Among the 74 (5.22%) infected individuals, 32 were females and 42 were males. A maximum number of individuals who were HCV antibody positive belongs to the age group the between 36 to 55 years (21 and 17 i.e. 7% and 6.9%). samples found positive for antibody and antigen-based test, were further investigated for the presence of Hepatitis C related RNA with PCR and the results show that only 32 (2.3%) individuals have Hepatitis C viral RNA. This is about (43.24%) of the total HCV antibody positive individuals. Out of 32 HCV-PCR positive samples, 11 (34.4%) were symptomatic and 21 (65.6%) were asymptomatic. Further analysis of the PCR positive samples shows that 20 (62.5%) were females and 12 (37.7%) were male. Among the HCV positive samples, genotype 3a was the most abundant 18 (56.2%) of the infected individuals followed by genotype 3b in 4 female (20%) and 3 male (25%), genotype 2a in 3 females (15%) and 2 male (16.6%), and 1b in 1 (5%) females and 1 (8.3%) male. No unknown RNA sequences were found in the studied samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in General Population of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Khan¹

2018

J Trop Dis

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“…It is a blood borne infection that infects 270-300 million people worldwide [4]. In Pakistan it affects above 10 million people, almost 8-10% of the total population [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus genotype 3a Hypervariable region 1 in patients achieved rapid virological response to alpha interferon and Ribavirin Combination therapy

Akram

Idrees

Hussain

et al. 2011

Virol J

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus roots a chronic liver disease. Currently approved treatment strategy includes administration of alpha interferon and ribavirin combined therapy for 24-48 weeks. One of the predictor of sustained virological response is an early virological response to treatment characterized as rapid response. Hyper variable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein is responsible for viral entry and acts as a target for neutralizing antibodies. Any mutation in this region would effect virus interaction with target cell and viral persistence.MethodsThirty one clones of six pre-treatment samples subjected to combination therapy were investigated. Three of the patients were rapid responders (R1, R2 and R3) and two were breakthrough responders (BT1 and BT2). Envelope 2 gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Amino acid substitution, frequency, composition and antigenic properties of HVR 1 of E2 protein were studied.ResultsIn both rapid responders (R.R) (14 amino acid sites) and breakthrough responders (BT.R) (13 amino acid sites) half of the amino acid sites were either conserved or resistant to any physiochemical change due to amino acid substitution. It also indicated that average composition of hydrophilic and basic amino acids were comparatively lower in rapid responders than other samples affecting probable interaction of virus with target cells. A central non antigenic region was constant among the breakthrough responders but differed in length significantly among rapid responders reflecting the adaptive nature of HVR1 to the immune response.ConclusionsWe observed that although HVR1is quite variable region in HCV 3a patients responding differently to treatment it still maintains its physiochemical properties for its proper functioning and viability.

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“…This prevalence is higher than findings of 4.5% among students of a University in Maiduguri but lower than reports of 13.3% in Keffi, 6.7% in Ondo, 12.0% among population in Benue [2,12,17,18]. Reports from other countries found 40.7% among patients in Mongolia, 9.3% among blood donors in Sudan, 9% among internally displaced persons of war in Pakistan, 4.3% among adult female population in Pakistan, 3.5% among general healthy population in Pakistan [5,9,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Similar studies from other countries recorded higher rates than the present study. It was 5.3% among patients in Mongolia, 13.8% among a general healthy population in Pakistan, 22.68% among rural population in Pakistan, and 91% among internally displaced persons of war in Pakistan but it was lower than report of 0.05% among adult female population in Pakistan [5,10,19,20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hbsag and Anti-Hcv Prevalence among Apparently Healthy Population in Central Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Oti¹,

Sg²,

Jg³

2018

J Transl Gastroenterol Clin Hepatol

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Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan

Abstract: The viral hepatitis among the apparently healthy population of a relatively natural and pollution free environment refers to an alarming condition about liver infections, particularly of HCV, in Pakistan.

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in General Population of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in General Population of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus genotype 3a Hypervariable region 1 in patients achieved rapid virological response to alpha interferon and Ribavirin Combination therapy

Hbsag and Anti-Hcv Prevalence among Apparently Healthy Population in Central Nigeria: A Pilot Study

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