Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haemoglobin S in high and moderate malaria transmission areas of Muheza, north-eastern Tanzania

Segeja,; Mmbando, BP; Ml, Kamugisha; Akida, JA; Zx, Savaeli; Dt, Minja; Ha, Msangeni; Mm, Lemnge

doi:10.4314/thrb.v10i1.14335

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, nine studies whose data either cannot be extracted, overlapped, or combined with the rest of the data, and thus were excluded. Among the 30 included studies, the species of Plasmodium are only Plasmodium falciparum in 17 studies3571011181920212223242526272829, only Plasmodium vivax in one study30, and combined species ( P. falciparum with P. vivax, P. falciparum with P. malariae, P. vivax with P. malariae , and P. falciparum with P. vivax and P. malariae ) in eight studies1415313233343536. Jalloh 200432, Tantular 199936, and Kruatrachue 196215 reported separate data for P. vivax which meta-analyzed with that of Leslie 201030.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mbanefo

Ahmed

Titouna

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency overlaps with malaria endemicity although it predisposes carriers to hemolysis. This fact supports the protection hypothesis against malaria. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the presence and the extent of protective association between G6PD deficiency and malaria. Thirteen databases were searched for papers reporting any G6PD alteration in malaria patients. Twenty-eight of the included 30 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Results showed absence of negative association between G6PD deficiency and uncomplicated falciparum malaria (odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–1.02; p = 0.07). However, this negative association happened in Africa (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40–0.86; p = 0.007) but not in Asia (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96–1.61; p = 0.10), and in the heterozygotes (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57–0.87; p = 0.001) but not the homo/hemizygous (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46–1.07; p = 0.10). There was no association between G6PD deficiency and total severe malaria (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61–1.11; p = 0.20). Similarly, there was no association with other malaria species. G6PD deficiency can potentially protect against uncomplicated malaria in African countries, but not severe malaria. Interestingly, this protection was mainly in heterozygous, being x-linked thus related to gender.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The odds ratios (OR) from 19 datasets obtained from 14 studies3571014151820222429313236 were pooled for this meta-analysis. There was significant heterogeneity among the studies; thus, random effect model was applied for the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mbanefo

Ahmed

Titouna

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…In addition to wide regional differences, the frequencies of individual risk alleles can differ markedly between geographically contiguous but reproductively isolated groups. A dramatic example is G6PD deficiency in Tanzania, where prevalence in lowland and highland populations (11.3% and 4.4%, respectively) mirrors that of malaria [7]. Thus, genetic testing priorities should include pretest probabilities in subpopulations rather than geographic averages, an onerous requirement for genetics programs in LMICs.…”

Section: The Global Challenge Of Genetic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation community genetics for low- and middle-income countries

et al. 2012

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A recent report by the World Health Organization calls for implementation of community genetics programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their focus is prevention of congenital disorders and genetic diseases at the population level, in addition to providing genetics services, including diagnosis and counseling. The proposed strategies include both newborn screening and population screening for carrier detection, in addition to lowering the incidence of congenital disorders and genetic diseases through the removal of environmental factors. In this article, we consider the potential impact of such testing on global health and highlight the near-term relevance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic approaches to their implementation. Key attributes of NGS for community genetics programs are homogeneous approach, high multiplexing of diseases and samples, as well as rapidly falling costs of new technologies. In the near future, we estimate that appropriate use of population-specific test panels could cost as little as $10 for 10 Mendelian disorders and could have a major impact on diseases that currently affect 2% of children worldwide. However, the successful deployment of this technological innovation in LMICs will require high value for human life, thoughtful implementation, and autonomy of individual decisions, supported by appropriate genetic counseling and community education.

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“…For alpha thalassaemia, studies suggested both protection against and enhancement of malaria [5,6,27,28]. For G6PD deficiency, studies in Africa [29][30][31][32], but not Asia [8,[33][34][35] suggested protection against uncomplicated malaria. Some discrepancies in findings might be attributed to differences between studies in human populations, transmission settings, and study designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between red blood cell variants and malaria among children and adults from three areas of Uganda: a prospective cohort study

Kakande

Greenhouse

Bajunirwe

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Multiple red blood cell (RBC) variants appear to offer protection against the most severe forms of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Associations between these variants and uncomplicated malaria are less clear. Methods: Data from a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 3 sub-counties in Uganda was used to quantify associations between three red blood cell variants Hb [AA, AS, S (rs334)], alpha thalassaemia 3.7 kb deletion, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency A-(G6PD 202A genotype) and malaria incidence, parasite prevalence, parasite density (a measure of anti-parasite immunity) and body temperature adjusted for parasite density (a measure of anti-disease immunity). All analyses were adjusted for age, average household entomological inoculation rate, and study site. Results for all variants were compared to those for wild type genotypes. Results: In children, HbAS was associated, compared to wild type, with a lower incidence of malaria (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.92, p = 0.003), lower parasite density upon infection (PR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.85, p = 0.001), and lower body temperature for any given parasite density (− 0.13 ℃, 95% CI − 0.21, − 0.05, p = 0.002). In children, HbSS was associated with a lower incidence of malaria (IRR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.71, p = 0.02) and lower parasite density upon infection (PR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.54, p < 0.001). α−/αα thalassaemia, was associated with higher parasite prevalence in both children and adults (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43, p = 0.008 and RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.23, p = 0.03, respectively). G6PD deficiency was associated with lower body temperature for any given parasite density only among male hemizygote children (− 0.19 ℃, 95% CI − 0.31, − 0.06, p = 0.003). Conclusion: RBC variants were associated with non-severe malaria outcomes. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which they confer protection will improve understanding of genetic protection against malaria.

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Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haemoglobin S in high and moderate malaria transmission areas of Muheza, north-eastern Tanzania

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Next-generation community genetics for low- and middle-income countries

Associations between red blood cell variants and malaria among children and adults from three areas of Uganda: a prospective cohort study

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