Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in preCOVID-19 and COVID-19 Years and Its Impact on Pregnancy: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Chelu, Sorina; Bernad, Elena; Craina, Marius; Neamtu, Radu; Mocanu, Adelina Geanina; Vernic, Corina; Chiriac, Veronica Daniela; Tomescu, Larisa; Borza, Claudia

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12051241

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Romania accepted the IADPSG guidelines for diagnosing GDM, but the OGTT test is performed only if risk factors for GDM are confirmed [ 166 ]. Chelu et al presented data from 2017 to 2021, in which the average GDM prevalence was estimated at 5.78% with the lowest result of 2.77% in 2017 and the highest outcome in 2021 at 8.48% [ 167 ]. Preda et al described which medical situations were risk factors for GDM.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Dłuski

Ruszała

Rudziński

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Over the last few decades, several definitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been described. There is currently not enough research to show which way is the best to diagnose GDM. Opinions differ in terms of the optimal screening and diagnostic measures, in part due to the differences in the population risks, the cost-effectiveness considerations, and the lack of an evidence base to support large national screening programs. The basic method for identifying the disease is the measurement of glucose plasma levels which may be determined when fasting, two hours after a meal, or simply at any random time. The currently increasing incidence of diabetes in the whole population, the altering demographics and the presence of lifestyle changes still require better methods of screening for hyperglycemia, especially during pregnancy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence and modifications to the screening criteria for GDM across all continents in the 21st century. We would like to show the differences in the above issues and correlate them with the geographical situation. Looking at the history of diabetes, we are sure that more than one evolution in GDM diagnosis will occur, due to the development of medicine, appearance of modern technologies, and the dynamic continuation of research.

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Dłuski

Ruszała

Rudziński

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…4,6,7,10 . Various studies during this period have documented adverse metabolic effects, including weight gain among pregnant women and a higher prevalence of macrosomia, further a rming that the pandemic, by reducing physical activity, altering diets, prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), and increasing psychological stress, could lead to a rise in the prevalence of GDM [10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and oral glucose tolerance test characteristics before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Hongshan District of Wuhan, China, 2018- 2021

Bi,

Nie

2024

Preprint

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Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the management and prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the pandemic on GDM prevalence and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) characteristics in Hongshan District, Wuhan, China. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 91,932 pregnant women screened for GDM before (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) and after (January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focused on changes in GDM prevalence, OGTT positive rates and glucose value distribution, and the diagnostic performance of OGTT. Results: The prevalence of GDM increased significantly from 14.5% (95% CI, 14.2-14.8%) pre-pandemic to 21.9% (95% CI, 21.5-22.4%) post-pandemic. A notable rise in OGTT positive rates was observed across all time points, with the most significant increase at the 0-hour mark. Regression analysis indicated a significant risk increase for GDM during the pandemic, even after adjusting for age. Diagnostic accuracy of the 0-hour OGTT improved in the pandemic era, with the area under the curve (AUC) rising from 0.78 to 0.79 and sensitivity from 0.56 to 0.58. Median OGTT values at all time points significantly increased post-pandemic, even after adjusting for age, indicating a shift in glucose metabolism among the study population. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in Hongshan District, Wuhan. This is evidenced by the elevated rates of positive OGTT and altered median glucose values, indicating a shift in glucose metabolism. These findings underscore the profound impact of the pandemic on maternal and neonatal health. They emphasize the imperative for continuous monitoring and the development of updated, localized diagnostic criteria for OGTT to enhance the identification and treatment of GDM during and after global health crises.

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“…The possible increase in the prevalence of GDM during the pandemic may be due to several reasons, such as behavioral changes during lockdown, direct damage to pancreatic beta cells by the virus, or an infection-induced increase in insulin resistance. The following results can be derived from numerous studies on this question: ▪ GDM prevalence is increasing possibly associated with changes in screening procedures or lifestyle changes [57][58][59][60][61][62]; ▪ GDM prevalence does not change or is decreasing [63][64][65][66]; ▪ GDM is associated with a severe course of COVID-19 or insulin therapy [23,67]; ▪ Gestational weight gain (GWG) as a risk factor for GDM increases [68]. Taken together, from the existing literature there is some evidence that during the first two years of the pandemic and with low vaccination rate GDM prevalence increased locally, probably secondary to changes in lifestyle, such as less exercise, increasing BMI during lockdown, and GWG.…”

Section: Gdm Prevalence and Outcomes During The Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GDM prevalence is increasing possibly associated with changes in screening procedures or lifestyle changes 57 58 59 60 61 62 ;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Pregnancy, and Diabetes Mellitus

Kleinwechter,

Weber,

Liedtke

et al. 2023

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol

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During the severe acute respiratory distress virus coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, many women were infected during their pregnancies. The SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has an impact on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes; peripartum and perinatal morbidity and mortality are increased. Pregnancy is considered a risk factor for severe COVID-19 course. Additional risk factors during pregnancy are diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and obesity. Systemic inflammation can lead to severe metabolic dysregulation with ketoacidosis. The endocrine pancreas is a target organ for SARS-CoV-2 and the fetal risk depends on inflammation of the placenta. Up to now there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy leads to permanent diabetes in mothers or their offspring via triggering autoimmunity or beta cell destruction. The frequently observed increased prevalence of GDM compared to the years before the pandemic is most likely due to changed lifestyle during lockdown. Furthermore, severe COVID-19 may be associated with the development of GDM due to worsening of glucose tolerance. Vaccination with a mRNA vaccine is safe and highly effective to prevent infection and to reduce hospitalization. Registries support offering evidence-based recommendations on vaccination for pregnant women. Even with the current omicron virus variant, there are increased risks for symptomatic and unvaccinated pregnant women.

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Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in preCOVID-19 and COVID-19 Years and Its Impact on Pregnancy: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Comparing the gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and oral glucose tolerance test characteristics before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Hongshan District of Wuhan, China, 2018- 2021

COVID-19, Pregnancy, and Diabetes Mellitus

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