Prevalence of DHP toxicity and detection of Synergistes jonesii in ruminants consuming Leucaena leucocephala in eastern Indonesia

Halliday, Michael J.; Panjaitan, Tanda; Nulik, Jacob; Dahlanuddin,; Padmanabha, Jagadish; McSweeney, Chris; Depamede, Sulaiman Ngongu; Hau, Debora Kana; Kurniawan, Kurniawan; Fauzan, Muhammad; Sutartha,; Yuliana, Baiq Tutik; Pakereng, Charles; Ara, Putri; Liubana, Dessy; Edison, Resti G.; Shelton, H. M.

doi:10.17138/tgft(2)71-73

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, as mentioned, inexplicably, goats in Thailand and Indonesia on long-term high leucaena diets were shown to be excreting high concentrations of 2,3-DHP in urine without indication of goitre (Phaikaew et al 2012;Halliday et al 2014c). These exceptions will be discussed later in this review.…”

Section: Dhp Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Donor animals were two female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from Melolo, Sumba. These buffalo were selected from a herd where S. jonesii had been detected (Chapter 6) (Halliday et al 2014c;Padmanabha et al 2014) and were excreting low urinary DHP (<20 mg/L DHP) while consuming >70% leucaena diets. Recipient animals were selected from areas known to be prone to DHP toxicity (Chapter 6), including: three kacang goats (Capra hircus) from Sumlili, Timor; and four Bali bulls (Bos javanicus) from Bone, Timor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since their animals fed leucaena may still be performing better than those without legume, there is understandable denial that toxicity is an issue. Another highly anomalous situation is that many ruminants in the tropical world are consuming large amounts of leucaena for prolonged periods and excreting high concentrations of urinary DHP without any apparent clinical symptoms of toxicity (Phaikaew et al 2012;Graham et al 2013;Halliday et al 2014c), including no indication of goitre (Palmer et al 2010). The reasons for this are not understood, but may be due to alternative detoxification pathways such as chemical conjugation of the toxins, discussed later in this review.…”

Section: Confusion Regarding the Symptoms And Molecular Structure Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isomer 2,3-DHP was originally thought to be transitory, and indicative of incipient ruminal colonization of S. jonesii (Ford et al 1984;Jones et al 2009). Much recent data from Australia, Thailand and Indonesia contradict the notion of 2,3-DHP being transitory (Dalzell et al 2012;Phaikaew et al 2012;Graham et al 2013;Halliday et al 2014c) and…”

Section: The Dominance Of 23-dhpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling Leucaena leucocephala toxicity: ruminant studies in eastern Indonesia and Australia

Halliday¹

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The forage tree legume leucaena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit ssp. glabrata (Rose) Zarate] is a high-quality ruminant feed vitally important as a source of protein for livestock production in tropical regions. However, the presence of the acutely toxic nonprotein amino acid mimosine in leaves and seeds, and its breakdown to chronically toxic hydroxypyridones (DHP), was believed to limit its productivity and adversely affect animal health. The Australian development of a fermenter-cultured oral inoculum containing the DHP-degrading ruminal bacterium Synergistes jonesii in the 1980s was thought to overcome this issue; however, anecdotal evidence of leucaena toxicity symptoms occurring in inoculated animals remained. In response, a program of research was initiated to investigate the efficacy of S. jonesii as well as other methods of protection against toxicity in ruminants. Broadly, this involved two areas of research, namely the effectiveness of: (a) microbiological degradation via S. jonesii; and (b) non-microbial metabolic detoxification. Key objectives were to: (a) determine the efficacy of inoculation with S. jonesii both within Indonesia and Australia; (b) profile the toxicity status of ruminants in eastern Indonesia; (c) investigate the impact of mineral supplementation on 2,3-DHP toxicity; and (d) determine the extent of in vivo conjugation of DHP and its role in protecting ruminants against toxicity. Initially, an Indonesian study involving the transfer of rumen fluid from "protected" ruminants to naïve Bali bulls was conducted. Sequential monitoring of DHP levels in urine indicated that there was no effect of inoculation. Secondly, a controlled animal house experiment was conducted in Australia to measure the impact of high leucaena diets on production in naïve steers and the effect of inoculation with the commercial S. jonesii inoculum. Key findings were: (1) inoculation had no effect on total DHP excretion; (2) indigenous S. jonesii strains were present in naïve animals prior to inoculation; (3) DHP did not suppress thyroid hormone production; and (4) high levels of the isomer 2,3-DHP were present without accompanying signs of toxicity. The leucaena toxicity status of ruminants in eastern Indonesia was then assessed in a survey across the four islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba and West Timor. A number of different strains of S. jonesii, including the ATCC type strain (78.1), were detected, however S. jonesii was always at low population levels and always accompanied by high levels of undegraded 2,3-DHP in urine. Despite this apparent failure of S. jonesii to degrade DHP, there was no observed impact on animal productivity or health. Accordingly, vii Contributions by others to the thesis This thesis is the original work of Michael Halliday.

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Section: Dhp Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confusion Regarding the Symptoms And Molecular Structure Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Dominance Of 23-dhpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling Leucaena leucocephala toxicity: ruminant studies in eastern Indonesia and Australia

Halliday¹

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“…Embora altamente nutritiva, contém a toxina mimosina, que afeta negativamente a produção animal. Nos caprinos, a mimosina é prontamente convertido em isómeros que causa o bócio, e suprimi o apetite e causa graves deficiências minerais (HALLIDAY et al, 2014).…”

Section: Forrageiras Indicadas Para Produção De Caprinosunclassified

Caracterização e restrições de forrageiras indicadas para as diferentes espécies de animais de produção – revisão

Amorim

Silva²,

Sousa³

et al. 2017

R. Eletr. Cient. da Uergs

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ResumoA escolha adequada das forrageiras, sejam elas de Ciclo C3 ou C4, para os diferentes animais de produção é importante, pois algumas forrageiras podem causar danos à saúde do animal quando fornecida inadequadamente para determinada espécie de animal. Nesse sentido, utilizar as novas técnicas de manejo, as quais consideram as alturas de entrada e saída dos animais de cada cultivar forrageiro (não negligenciam variações climáticas e de solo existente nas diferentes regiões do país), são indispensáveis para que se tenha uma

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Mature fruits of Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala plants have potential as inexpensive protein and mineral supplements for ruminants

Edwards,

Mlambo,

Mnisi

et al. 2024

Agroforest Syst

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Prevalence of DHP toxicity and detection of Synergistes jonesii in ruminants consuming Leucaena leucocephala in eastern Indonesia

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Unravelling Leucaena leucocephala toxicity: ruminant studies in eastern Indonesia and Australia

Unravelling Leucaena leucocephala toxicity: ruminant studies in eastern Indonesia and Australia

Caracterização e restrições de forrageiras indicadas para as diferentes espécies de animais de produção – revisão

Mature fruits of Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala plants have potential as inexpensive protein and mineral supplements for ruminants

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