Prevalence of ColV Plasmid-Linked Genes and<i>In Vivo</i>Pathogenicity of Avian Strains of<i>Escherichia coli</i>

Oliveira, Aline Luísa de; Rocha, Débora Assumpção; Finkler, Fabrine; Moraes, Lucas Brunelli de; Barbieri, Nicolle Lima; Pavanelo, Daniel Brisotto; Winkler, Cristina; Grassotti, Tiela Trapp; Brito, Kelly Cristina Tagliari de; Brito, Benito Guimarães de; Horn, Fabiana

doi:10.1089/fpd.2014.1934

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We found one bacterium, from bovine meat meal, accumulating four genes associated with APEC and one gene associated with atypical EPEC. Even with the presence of four out of five APEC virulence predictor genes, we cannot state that it is a pathogenic bacterium (Oliveira et al, 2015). To confirm this information, it would be necessary to inoculate it in one-day-old chicks and evaluate the development of an infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antimicrobial resistance, diarrheagenic and avian pathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli from poultry feed and the ingredients

Rossato¹,

Brito²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2019

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Diarrheagenic (DEC) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections (ExPEC), respectively. We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility, gene encoding virulence factors associated to DEC and APEC, and phylogenetic classification in E. coli isolated from 320 samples of feed and ingredients. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index and Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) were calculated. Phylogenetic classification was performed on samples harboring DEC and/or APEC virulence-associated genes. A total of 110 E. coli strains were isolated in 15% (49/320) of the evaluated inputs (n=13 vegetable meal; n=33 animal meal, n=3 feed). In general, the isolates showed the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance to sulfonamide and cefazolin and 18% (20/110) were multi-drug resistant. MAR index of feed samples was the highest (0.467). Six and five strains had APEC and DEC virulence-associated genes, respectively, and belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B1. These findings point to the need for strict microbiological control during the production process of these foods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antimicrobial resistance, diarrheagenic and avian pathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli from poultry feed and the ingredients

Rossato¹,

Brito²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2019

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…The results showed that highly pathogenic APEC strains harboured an average number of 4.6 VGs while an average of 4.3 and 3.9 were found among medium and low pathogenic APEC strains, respectively. The average number of VGs in AFEC isolates was 1.3. Subsequently, studies have used the pentaplex-PCR described by Johnson et al (2008b) and confirmed that it is a rapid diagnostic tool to differentiate between APEC and AFEC (de Oliveira et al, 2015;Dissanayake et al, 2014;Hussein et al, 2013). Despite the geographical variations of the studies, Kobayashi et al (2011) (68% -72%), Hussein et al (2013) (90% -94%) and de Oliverira et al (2015) (82% -95%) reported similar frequencies of the five VGs as Johnson et.al.…”

Section: Few In Vivomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Johnson et al (2008b) used a large sample size, combined with extensive genotyping to select VG markers for APEC. Despite the variation in frequency of these five VGs in different overseas studies, a significant association between them and APEC has been reported (de Oliveira et al, 2015;Dissanayake et al, 2014;Hussein et al, 2013).…”

Section: Few In Vivomentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is likely that the combinations of different APEC VGs are associated with APEC pathogenicity (Ewers et al, 2005;Johnson et al, 2008b;Kemmett et al, 2013). Thus Johnson et al (2008b) developed a PCR targeting five VGs, which have been used as a tool for the identification of APEC (de Oliveira et al, 2015;Dissanayake et al, 2014;Hussein et al, 2013;Johnson et al, 2008b;Kobayashi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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“…Although all these detected genes showed important virulence characteristics attributed to the APEC pathotype (Lynne et al 2006, Chouikha et al 2008, Johnson et al 2008, none of the E. coli strains could be characterized as belonging to this pathotype, because they did not have all the necessary genes. However, it is important to emphasize that, according to Oliveira et al (2015), pathogenic strains usually have two or more predictive genes for the APEC pathotype, whereas isolates with fewer than two genes are rarely pathogenic. In contrast, Johnson et al (2008) state the need for at least four types of predictor genes to differentiate strains with pathogenic potential from commensal E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli in canaries (Serinus canaria) in northeastern Brazil

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to verify the presence of members from the Enterobacteriaceae family and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates in canaries bred in northeastern Brazil; in addition, the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was also verified in these birds. Samples were collected during an exhibition organized by the Brazilian Ornithological Federation in July 2015 in Fortaleza, Brazil. A total of 88 fecal samples were collected and submitted to pre-enrichment step using buffered peptone water, followed by enrichment with the following broths: brain-heart infusion, Rappaport-Vassiliadis, and Selenite-Cystine. Subsequently, aliquots were streaked on MacConkey, brilliant green and salmonella-shigella agar plates. Colonies were selected according to morphological characteristics and submitted to biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests with disk-diffusion technique. E. coli strains were evaluated for the presence of eight DEC genes and five APEC genes through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening. The most frequent species observed were Pantoea agglomerans (25%), Serratia liquefaciens (12.5%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (9.1%). A single rough strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was identified in one sample (1.1%). High resistance rates to amoxicillin (78.7%) and ampicillin (75.4%) were identified. Polymyxin B (9.8%), gentamycin (6.6%), and enrofloxacin (6.6%) were the most efficient antibiotics. The total number of multidrug-resistant strains (isolates resistant to more than three antimicrobial classes) was 23 (37.7%). Four E. coli strains were tested for the virulence genes, and two were positive for APEC virulence genes: one strain was positive for iutA and the other for hlyF. In conclusion, canaries in northeastern Brazil participating in exhibitions may present Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria in the intestinal microbiota with antimicrobial resistance. These results indicate that, although the E. coli strains recovered from canaries in this study have some virulence genes, they still do not fulfill all the requirements to be considered APEC.

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Prevalence of ColV Plasmid-Linked Genes andIn VivoPathogenicity of Avian Strains ofEscherichia coli

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Antimicrobial resistance, diarrheagenic and avian pathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli from poultry feed and the ingredients

Antimicrobial resistance, diarrheagenic and avian pathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli from poultry feed and the ingredients

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Detection of Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli in canaries (Serinus canaria) in northeastern Brazil

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