Prevalence of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (CIAV) in Commercial Poultry Flocks of Northern India: A Serological Survey

Abstract

Globally, the chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) has gained much importance as an immunosuppressive and economically important emerging pathogen of poultry. In recent years, the virus has been detected and isolated from poultry flocks of India. The present study reports the first sero-epidemiological investigation of the presence of CIAV infection in poultry flocks of the country. A total of 404 serum samples were collected from chicken flocks of eleven poultry farms, which contain a total of 0.34 million birds from four Northern states, suspected of having chicken infectious anaemia (CIA). Screening of the sera samples using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit revealed 351 serum samples (86.88%) to be positive for CIAV antibodies. A high CIAV prevalence rate recorded in the present investigation, along with earlier virus detection reports, indicates the widespread distribution of the virus and that CIAV should be considered an economically important poultry pathogen affecting poultry industry of India. Extensive nationwide epidemiological studies are suggested for revealing the economic impact of CIA and to initiate further research along with devising and adapting suitable prevention and control strategies especially the use of suitable vaccines for safeguarding poultry health and production in the country.

Molecular Characterization of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Isolated From Commercial Poultry with Respiratory Disease Complex in India

“…CAV has been reported from major poultry producing countries of the world including India and is being documented as emerging and an economically important pathogen from several countries Dhama et al, 2008;Schat, 2009;Oluwayelu, 2010;Bhatt et al, 2011;Snoeck et al, 2012;Gowthaman et al, 2013;Nayabian and Mardani, 2013;Wani et al, 2013). Recently, Bhatt et al (2011) (Sommer and Cardona, 2003).…”

“…The disease has been reported from poultry flocks of some states of the country, and included in the list of emerging and important viruses that are a severe threat to the Indian poultry industry (Venugopalan et al, 1994;Kataria et al, 1999;Verma et al, 2005;Natesan et al, 2006;Praveen et al, 2008;Bhatt et al, 2011;Wani et al, 2013). Although a few sequences of CAV from India are available in GenBank (NCBI), no systematic analysis of Indian CAV strains has been performed to the best of our knowledge.…”

Isolation, Cultivation and PCR Conformation of Chicken Anaemia Virus Isolates in Broiler Chicks of Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh, India

“…Chicken Infectious Anaemia disease caused by Chicken Anaemia Virus is an emerging (Kataria et al, 2005;Dhama et al, 2008;Schat, 2009;Oluwayelu, 2010;Bhatt et al, 2011;Snoeck et al, 2012;Gowthaman et al, 2013;Nayabian and Mardani, 2013) economically important non-oncogenic immune suppressive viral disease of poultry belongs to family Circoviridae genus Gyro virus (Pringle, 1999). Small non-enveloped virus resistant to thermal inactivation and treatment with lipid solvents and many of the common disinfectants (Von Bulow and Schat, 1997) contains single stranded circular, positive sense DNA having the genome size of 2.3.Kbp.…”

Downregulation in cytokines profiles and immunopathological changes in chicks infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus

“…The disease is transmitted both horizontally and vertically and has worldwide distribution affecting both layer and broiler industries (Singh et al, 1996;Dhama et al, 2008;Schat, 2009;Hegazy et al, 2010;Oluwayelu, 2010;Bhatt et al, 2011;Yassir et al, 2011 Gholami-Ahangaran andZia-Jahromi, 2012;Snoeck et al, 2012). The disease affects poultry industry through increased mortality, production losses, complication associated with immunosuppresssion like secondary bacterial infections and vaccine failures, addition medical costs and adversely affecting production of specific pathogen free (SPF) birds and eggs (Hagood et al, 2000;Todd, 2000).…”

“…The virus has gained much importance due to unique features like highly contagious and hardy nature, vertical transmission and immunosuppressive potential. Due to these features, the virus has been placed in the list of emerging viruses that can cause severe threat to the Indian poultry industry (Bhatt et al, 2011).…”