Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vector apparent density in Chora District of Illuababora Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Bovine trypanosomosis is transmitted by tsetse and other biting flies which cause the most serious veterinary and animal production problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Cross sectional study was conducted from September to December, 2013 in Chora district, Western Oromia to assess the prevalence of trypanosomosis and apparent density of its vector. The methods employed during the study were deploying trap for the collection of tsetse flies and buffy coat technique for parasitological study. About 45 monopyramidal baited traps were deployed for 48 h for collection of tsetse fly. In the study area tsetse flies Glossina pallidepes and Glossina tachnoides and other biting flies were trapped. G. pallidepes was caught at altitude of about 2000 m a.s.l. The overall apparent density of the tsetse flies was 2.63 flies/trap/day. Blood samples collected from 384 cattle were centrifuged and examined under microscope. It revealed that Trypanosoma congolense 46(12.0%), Trypanosoma vivax 3(0.8%), no infection of Trypanosoma brucei and mixed infection 3(0.8%) of the two trypanosomes species were the causes of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 13.6%. The female cattle were infected with the prevalence of 35(9.2%) than male cattle 17(4.4%) and this association was insignificant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of trypanosomosis in adult and poor body condition cattle were 49(12.8%) and 20(5.2%), respectively and significantly associated (P < 0.05) with prevalence of trypanosomosis. The red colour cattle were mostly affected 22(5.7%) and insignificantly associated (P > 0.05). Aneamic and non-aneamic cattle have trypanosomes infection rate of 43(11.2%) and 9(2.34%), respectively. Aneamic cattle were significantly associated (P < 0.005) with the prevalence of trypanosomosis, but non-aneamic cattle were insignificantly associated (P > 0.05). Generally, the study concludes that tsetse flies were an important vector for the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in Chora district. Therefore, disease and its vector control and prevention methods and further studies on the trypanosomal drug resistance should be undertaken to improve livestock production and productivity in the study area.

Bovine Trypanosomosis and Its Vectors in Three Selected Districts of Buno Bedele Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

“…Among the total (37) infected animals, 69.44 and 30.56% of them were anaemic and nonanaemic cattle, and the difference was statistically significant at P < 0.05. The result of this finding is in agreement with the finding of Marta et al [ 30 ] who reported that the highest prevalence of trypanosomosis from anaemic cattle in Chora districts of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The higher prevalence of infected animal in association to being anaemic might be attributed to the sampled animals which got diseases such as helminthosis, tick-borne diseases, and nutritional imbalances, and it is in accordance to the suggestion provided by [ 28 ].…”

“…e result of this finding was almost in line with Adane and Gezahagne [27] who reported a 3.5% prevalence of trypanosomosis in Dejen district, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. e result of this finding was lower compared to other studies conducted somewhere else within the same country, which varies from 4.43 to 14.97% in a year between 2012 and 2019 [1,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. e overall low record of the prevalence of trypanosomosis may be due to the impact of parasite, and vector control practices have been working by Bedele NTTICC (Bedele National Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Investigation and Control Centre) and the geographical location of the study areas, which have equal access for getting an extension service to the farmers regarding how to control the distribution of vectors (tsetse flies), disease control, and treatments used for treating the infected animal.…”

“…According to his report, 45.85% and 33.33% of T. vivax and T. congolense were recorded, respectively. In contrast to this, the highest proportion of T. congolense was recorded on the report of Megersa et al [ 33 ] and Marta et al [ 30 ] who reported a high proportion of T. congolense from Botor Tolay and Chora districts of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, respectively.…”

“…They found an insignificant effect of age on prevalence of trypanosomosis on cattle sample from three selected districts of Wolayita Zone, Kindo Koysha district of Wolayita Zone, and Hawa Gelan district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, respectively. However, the study reported by [ 30 , 33 ] indicated that there is a significant difference in the prevalence of trypanosomosis among the different age groups of sampled animals in the study areas. This might be due to similar regulatory measures that had been taken to control the tsetse flies densities by Bedele NTTICC and similar extension services concerning disease control and treating all age groups of infected animals.…”

“…ey found an insignificant effect of age on prevalence of trypanosomosis on cattle sample from three selected districts of Wolayita Zone, Kindo Koysha district of Wolayita Zone, and Hawa Gelan district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, respectively. However, the study reported by [30,33] indicated that there is a significant difference in the prevalence of trypanosomosis among the different age groups of sampled animals in the study areas.…”