Prevalence of Betel Chewing Among Males in Colombo and Polonnaruwa Districts

Silva, V A de; Hanwella, D R C; Gunawardena, Nalika

doi:10.4038/jccpsl.v14i1.2944

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological studies have shown that betel quid chewing is a major risk factor for development of both oral and pharyngeal cancers and also oral pre-cancerous lesions [ 2 , 4 ]. Earlier reports in the 1980s from Sri Lanka and a recent report from Solomon Islands [ 8 , 9 ] shows a very high rate of approximately 50 % betel quid chewers in both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier reports in the 1980s from Sri Lanka and a recent report from Solomon Islands [ 8 , 9 ] shows a very high rate of approximately 50 % betel quid chewers in both sexes. However, a recent report from Sri Lanka [ 4 ] indicates a reduction in numbers of betel chewers, most probably the result of life style changes that have occurred over the years. In addition, a remarkable decline in the habit of smoking is also observed [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco use, either in the form of cigarettes, cigars, pipes and beedi or smokeless tobacco used for betel chewing has been without doubt shown to be the main culprit of OSCC [ 2 , 3 ]. Even with this knowledge, in Sri Lanka, OSCC is one of the major health problems as both males and females from rural areas of the country traditionally chew betel quid, which contains areca nut, tobacco, lime paste and spices wrapped in betel leaf [ 4 ]. In addition, betel chewing males also smoke and take alcohol, which further increases the susceptibility to develop OSCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive study of 896 Oral squamous cell carcinomas from the only University based Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service in Sri Lanka

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe main objective of this study was to describe selected clinico-pathological characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Sri-Lanka.Materials & methodsThe study sample comprised of eight hundred and ninety six biopsies diagnosed as OSCC. The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using the Chi-square test.ResultsOf the 896 biopsies, 801 were primary OSCCs, while 95 were recurrent OSCCs. Majority of the patients (78 %) were in the 5th to 7th decades of life and showed a male predilection. The buccal mucosa was the commonest site of primary OSCC comprising of 43 % of the sample. Of the primary OSCCs, with known TNM stage, 86 % were in stage 3&4 and majority (59 %) of stage 4 tumours showed tumour at one or more excision margins. Of the recurrent OSCC, 46 % developed their recurrences within one year of the excision of the primary tumour.ConclusionIn Sri-Lanka, OSCC is a major problem. Only half the patients had completely excised tumours (with clearance of >5 mm at all excision margins) at operation, and recurrences appeared early. This data should be considered in the future management policy of OSCC in Sri-Lanka.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive study of 896 Oral squamous cell carcinomas from the only University based Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service in Sri Lanka

et al. 2016

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“…Low affordability is supported by the fact that 10.1% of males used smokeless tobacco in the form of betel quid, which is cheaper than cigarettes. This is much higher than the prevalence of 1.7% reported among the general population in urban areas [37]. Betel quid contains betel leaf (Piper betle), arecanut (Areca catechu) slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and tobacco [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipsychotic medication and tobacco use among outpatients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

2014

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BackgroundMany studies have shown that the prevalence of smoking in schizophrenia is higher than in the general population. Biological, psychological and social factors influence smoking in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThe study was carried out in psychiatry outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. Every third patient was selected using systematic sampling from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 clinical criteria. Smoking behaviours were assessed using self-reports. Severity of illness was assessed using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence assessed level of dependence. Readiness to Change Questionnaire assessed motivation to change smoking behaviour.ResultsThe sample consisted of 306 patients with schizophrenia. Mean age was 38.93 years (SD 10.98). There were 148 males (48.4%). Mean duration of illness was 12.63 years (SD 8.38). Current medication was oral atypical antipsychotics 103, clozapine 136, oral typicals 29 and depot typicals 38. Prevalence of tobacco use among males was 30.41% (95% CI 22.91 to 37.90) and among females 1.90% (95% CI -0.25 to 4.05). Prevalence of current smoking among males was 20.27% (95% CI 13.72 to 26.82). None of the females smoked. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among males was 10.14 (95% CI 5.22 to 15.05) and among females 1.90 (95% CI -0.03 to 4.05). When patients treated with clozapine were excluded from the analysis, prevalence of tobacco use was 41.6% among males and 3.2% among females and prevalence of smoking was 29.9% among males. Prevalence of tobacco use was lowest in patients treated with clozapine 18.31 (95% CI 9.09 to 27.53) and highest in those treated with depot antipsychotics 47.83 (95% CI 25.74 to 69.91).ConclusionsPrevalence of smoking was less than in many countries. This is influenced by prevalence in the general population and low affordability. Risk of tobacco use was significantly less among patients treated with clozapine.

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“…In the rural areas, prevalence of betel chewing was significantly associated with age, and the odds of being a betel quid chewer increased with age; with the odds for those aged >65 years being 19.85 compared to the reference group 18-24 years [ Table 2]. [8] Asian betel-quid consortium of South and East Asia carried out the prevalence study on betel quid chewing across six Asian countries. In Sri Lanka, the study among 1,072 subjects from three provinces of Gangawata Korale, Udunuwara, and Yatinuwara with the response rate of 99%, showed the prevalence of betel quid with tobacco was 6.4% among men and 3.2% among women.…”

Section: Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco use in Sri Lanka

Sinha

Sumanasekera³

et al. 2012

Indian J Cancer

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The prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in Sri Lanka has been reported high, especially among rural and disadvantaged groups. Different smokeless tobacco products were not only widely available but also very affordable. An increasing popularity of SLT use among the youth and adolescents is a cause for concern in Sri Lanka. There were evidences of diverse benign, premalignant, and malignant oral diseases due to smokeless tobacco use in the country. The level of awareness about health risks related to the consumption of smokeless tobacco products was low, particularly among the people with low socio-economic status. In Sri Lanka various forms of smokeless tobacco products, some of them imported, are used. At the national level, 15.8% used smokeless tobacco products and its use is three-fold higher among men compared to women. Betel quid is by far the traditional form in which tobacco is a general component. Other manufactured tobacco products include pan parag/pan masala, Mawa, Red tooth powder, Khaini, tobacco powder, and Zarda. Some 8.6% of the youth are current users of smokeless tobacco. There are studies demonstrating the harmful effects of smokeless tobacco use, especially on the oral mucosa, however, the level of awareness of this aspect is low. The highest mean expenditure on betel quid alone in rural areas for those earning Rs. 5,000/month was Rs. 952. The core issue is the easy availability of these products. To combat the smokeless tobacco problem, public health programs need to be intensified and targeted to vulnerable younger age groups. Another vital approach should be to levy higher taxation.

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Prevalence of Betel Chewing Among Males in Colombo and Polonnaruwa Districts

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Descriptive study of 896 Oral squamous cell carcinomas from the only University based Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service in Sri Lanka

Descriptive study of 896 Oral squamous cell carcinomas from the only University based Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service in Sri Lanka

Antipsychotic medication and tobacco use among outpatients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

Smokeless tobacco use in Sri Lanka

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