Prevalence of asymptomatic infections in sexually transmitted diseases attendees diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis

Rajalakshmi, R; Kalaivani, S.

doi:10.4103/0253-7184.192121

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, their study population included women with mixed vaginal infections (aerobic vaginitis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis) and not BV alone. Another study in India reported about 48.4% of asymptomatic BV cases but it was conducted in non-pregnant women [27]. So overall there appears to be some differences in the ndings, in relevance to the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic criteria which is most likely related to the different study populations and characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Sethi,

Narayanan,

Saaid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The existence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy has currently attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its possible association with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the practical implications of BV in pregnant women are still not that well defined. This study aims to critically review and report the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of BV among pregnant women. Methods A comprehensive systematic search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Results The search yielded a total of 2237 records; among them, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results indicated a higher prevalence of BV among the African population. The risk of developing BV during pregnancy was highest among women with multiple sexual partners. Additionally, factors including age, socioeconomic status, unhygienic practices, ethnic background, 2nd trimester, spontaneous abortion, vaginal douching, symptoms, and history of sexually transmitted infections were also associated with a higher prevalence of BV. Overall, 58.3% of the studies reported adverse outcomes during pregnancy which was directly associated with BV. It was found that premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and low birth weight were the most frequently reported adverse outcomes in pregnant women with BV. Conclusion The high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis necessitates a global surveillance approach to delineate the health risks imposed on both mother and child, and promote cost-effective strategic measures to alleviate the undesired consequences of BV during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Sethi,

Narayanan,

Saaid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Hence, patients with suspected STIs during an FP visit should be asked if they have a new partner, multiple partners, recent contacts, or if they are involved in high-risk sexual practices. Moreover as Rajalakshmi et al [23], physicians should assess the symptomatology, including that in the genital area, and check for the presence of ulcers, vesicles,and pustules, in addition to genital, rectal, or eye discharge. Furthermore, the skin should be examined for the presence of rash or scaling, and the physical exam should include assessment for lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and joint pain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the skin should be examined for the presence of rash or scaling, and the physical exam should include assessment for lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and joint pain. All patients should also undergo the required tests to exclude STIs, including HIV,hepatitis B, and possible co-infections [23].Women should undergo a pelvic examination and a pregnancy test. Also, reinforcement of human papilloma virus and hepatitis B vaccination where appropriate should be performed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections in the PReP Era. Are Family Doctors Ready to Give Advice?

Cerdeira¹,

E²,

B³

et al. 2017

TODJ

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Background:Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a method of HIV prevention is not without controversy, and there has been concern that it may lead its users to think that they no longer need other preventive measures such as condoms. Thus, healthcare providers are convinced that PrEP decreases condom use and increases sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This treatment has been studied in men who have sex with men, men and women in heterosexual HIV-discordant couples, and heterosexual men and women. Objective:The objective of this study was to review the current state of evidence on the association of PrEP with condom use, the incidence of STIs, and the change in sexual behaviours in populations with risky practices. Materials and Methods:PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD, USA), Science Direct (Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK), and Google Scholar (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) search engines were used during the study. We used the terms HIV, PrEP, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), MSM, condom, heterosexual men / women to search the databases. Results:Here, we present evidence that daily oral treatment is safe and effective in these populations studied, especially when medication adherence is high. STI testing should include extra-genital testing regardless of PrEP use to prevent health deficits and onward transmission. Conclusion:Despite this safety and efficacy, we strongly advise that patients continue to use condoms as a prophylactic measure against other sexually transmitted diseases. This update addresses the benefits and precautions that must be taken when establishing PrEP treatment, focusing mainly on family doctorswho are best positioned to provide follow-up and advice to patients and their relatives.

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“…The clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis are characterized by the presence of yellow discharge, abnormal vaginal odor, and vulvar itching with signs of macular colpitis ("strawberry cervix"), purulent vaginal discharge, and vaginal and vulvar erythema [5]. However, various studies have reported prevalence of asymptomatic trichomoniasis ranging between approximately 30 and 35% [6][7][8]. On the other hand, the infection with T. vaginalis can lead to complications such as adnexitis, pyosalpingitis, and endometritis [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Methods for Diagnosing Trichomoniasis in Female Patients with Sexual Activity Attended at a Hospital in Peru

Rosales-Rimache,

Inolopú,

Soncco-Llulluy

et al. 2023

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that mainly affects women. The diagnosis is made by different methods that identify the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis; therefore, sensitivity, specificity, and performance are essential to guarantee an adequate diagnosis. Our study is aimed at comparing three methods for diagnosing trichomoniasis in patients treated at a hospital in Peru during the year 2018. Methods. We designed a cross-sectional study and enrolled women whose vaginal secretion samples were evaluated by direct examination, Papanicolaou staining, and culture in the Diamond medium. Results. We evaluated 134 women with a mean age of 36.6 ± 12.1 years and a beginning of sexual activity of 18.5 ± 3.0 years. We found leukocyte infiltration, fetid odor, and strawberry cervix in 66.4%, 35.1%, and 18.7%. The prevalence of trichomoniasis by the culture method, direct examination, and Papanicolaou was 32.1, 21.6, and 11.2%. The direct examination’s sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance (AUC) were 65.1%, 98.9%, and 82.0%, while for the Pap smear, they were 32.6%, 98.9%, and 65.7%%. Conclusion. The culture of T. vaginalis is the gold standard for diagnosing trichomoniasis; however, direct examination is a fast, specific alternative with good diagnostic performance. The Pap test has low sensitivity and should not be used in settings where the prevalence and risk factors for trichomoniasis are high.

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Prevalence of asymptomatic infections in sexually transmitted diseases attendees diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Sexually Transmitted Infections in the PReP Era. Are Family Doctors Ready to Give Advice?

Comparison of Three Methods for Diagnosing Trichomoniasis in Female Patients with Sexual Activity Attended at a Hospital in Peru

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