Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Penned Broiler and Scavenging Local Chickens in Arusha, Tanzania

Rugumisa, Bernadether T.; Call, Douglas R.; Mwanyika, Gaspary O.; Mrutu, Rehema I.; Luanda, Catherine; Lyimo, Beatus; Subbiah, Murugan; Buza, Joram

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-584

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…One remarkable consistency from this study was that regardless of host, environmental source or cultural group, there was a relatively high prevalence of bacteria that were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. This was true for the current study, an earlier report focused on people 18 , and other studies from food animals from the Arusha peri-urban area [34][35][36] . All of these studies characterized antimicrobial resistance using the same methodology whereby bacteria were grown on agar plates with a fixed concentration of antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, and ecological contexts. To better understand this interaction in a multi-cultural and resource-limited context, we examine the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups in Tanzania. Householdlevel data (n = 425) was collected and bacteria isolated from people, livestock, dogs, wildlife and water sources (n = 62,376 isolates). The relative prevalence of different resistance phenotypes is similar across all sources. Multi-locus tandem repeat analysis (n = 719) and whole-genome sequencing (n = 816) of Escherichia coli demonstrate no evidence for hostpopulation subdivision. Multivariate models show no evidence that veterinary antibiotic use increased the odds of detecting AR bacteria, whereas there is a strong association with livelihood factors related to bacterial transmission, demonstrating that to be effective, interventions need to accommodate different cultural practices and resource limitations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…Like Maasai, Arusha do not use AMs to treat free-range poultry. However, commercial poultry feed is available in Arusha Town, and farmers raising commercial breeds of layers and broilers likely use some antibiotics [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Use and Veterinary Care among Agro-Pastoralists in Northern Tanzania

et al. 2017

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Frequent and unregulated use of antimicrobials (AM) in livestock requires public health attention as a likely selection pressure for resistant bacteria. Studies among small-holders, who own a large percentage of the world’s livestock, are vital for understanding how practices involving AM use might influence resistance. We present a cultural-ecological mixed-methods analysis to explore sectors of veterinary care, loosely regulated AM use, and human exposure to AMs through meat and milk consumption across three rural to peri-urban Tanzanian ethnic groups (N = 415 households). Reported use of self-administered AMs varied by ethnic group (Maasai: 74%, Arusha: 21%, Chagga: 1%) as did consultation with professional veterinarians (Maasai: 36%, Arusha: 45%, Chagga: 96%) and observation of withdrawal of meat and milk from consumption during and following AM treatment (Maasai: 7%, Arusha: 72%, Chagga: 96%). The antibiotic oxytetracycline was by far the most common AM in this sample. Within ethnic groups, herd composition differences, particularly size of small-stock and cattle herds, were most strongly associated with differences in lay AM use. Among the Arusha, proxies for urbanization, including owning transportation and reliance on “zero-grazing” herds had the strongest positive associations with veterinarian consultation, while distance to urban centers was negatively associated. For Maasai, consultation was negatively associated with use of traditional healers or veterinary drug-shops. Observation of withdrawal was most strongly associated with owning technology among Maasai while Arusha observance displayed seasonal differences. This “One-Health” analysis suggests that livelihood and cultural niche factors, through their association with practices in smallholder populations, provide insight into the selection pressures that may contribute to the evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

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“…; Rugumisa et al . ). African studies on foods of animal origin (retail chicken or turkey meat, beef and pork carcasses) also report that resistance levels to these antimicrobials are among the most relevant ones (Soufi et al .…”

Section: Antimicrobial Usage In Livestock and Resistance Patterns In mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In general, although resistance percentages vary significantly among regions and studied animal populations, the highest rates have been reported for tetracycline (10Á6-95%), ampicillin (6Á02-95Á7%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (4Á49-80%) (Wesonga et al 2010;Donkor et al 2012;Adelowo et al 2014;Adenipekum et al 2015;Mainda et al 2015;Rugumisa et al 2016). African studies on foods of animal origin (retail chicken or turkey meat, beef and pork carcasses) also report that resistance levels to these antimicrobials are among the most relevant ones (Soufi et al 2009;Odwar et al 2014;Luanda et al 2016;Mrutu et al 2016).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Usage In Livestock and Resistance Patterns In mentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals: the African perspective

Alonso

Zarazaga

Sallem

et al. 2017

Letters in Applied Microbiology

134

106

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In the last few years, different surveillances have been published in Africa, especially in northern countries, regarding antimicrobial resistance among husbandry animals. Information is still scarce, but the available data show a worrying picture. Although the highest resistance rates have been described against tetracycline, penicillins and sulphonamides, prevalence of plasmidmediated quinolone resistance genes and extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) are being increasingly reported. Among ESBLs, the CTX-M-1 group was dominant in most African surveys. Within this group, CTX-M-15 was the main variant both in animals and humans, except in Tunisia where CTX-M-1 was more frequently detected among Escherichia coli from poultry. Certain bla CTX-M-15 -harbouring clones (ST131/B2 or ST405/D) are mainly identified in humans, but they have also been reported in livestock species from Tanzania, Nigeria or Tunisia. Moreover, several reports suggest an inter-host circulation of specific plasmids (e.g. bla CTX-M-1 -carrying IncI1/ST3 in Tunisia, IncY-and Incuntypeable replicons co-harbouring qnrS1 and bla CTX-M-15 in Tanzania and the worldwide distributed bla CTX-M-15 -carrying IncF-type plasmids). International trade of poultry meat seems to have contributed to the spread of other ESBL variants, such as CTX-M-14, and clones. Furthermore, first descriptions of OXA-48-and OXA-181-producing E. coli have been recently documented in cattle from Egypt, and the emergent plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 gene has been also identified in chickens from Algeria, Tunisia and South Africa. These data reflect the urgent need of a larger regulation in the use of veterinary drugs and the implementation of surveillance programmes in order to decelerate the advance of antimicrobial resistance in this continent.

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Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Penned Broiler and Scavenging Local Chickens in Arusha, Tanzania

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania

Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania

Antimicrobial Use and Veterinary Care among Agro-Pastoralists in Northern Tanzania

Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals: the African perspective

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