Prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhoeal diseases among children under five in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study 2016

Aziz, Faieza Abdul; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Razak, Mohamad Aznuddin Abdul; Omar, Maisarah; Kasim, Noraida Mohamad; Yusof, Mohd Apandi; Sooryanarayana, Rajini; Jamaludin, Rasidah; Ying, Chan Ying

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6266-z

Cited by 37 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Talking about other socioeconomic factors, we found that bloody diarrhea was significantly higher among children belonging to other religion (minority), STs and SCs (marginalized social groups), and those staying in rural areas. These findings are also consistent with studies from different settings [7, 23, 28, 29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The control variables included in the analysis of (risk of) occurrence of bloody diarrhea are ‘initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour, within 1–24 hours, after 24 hours) [27], bottle feeding (yes, no), age of child (below 12 months, 12–23, 24–35, 36–47, 48–59 months) [7], sex of child (male, female), size of child at birth (smaller than average, average and larger) [23]. The analysis also includes literacy of mother (literate, non-literate) [7], exposure to mass media (exposed, unexposed) [28], religion (Hindu, other) [23], caste/tribe (Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST), other) [29], household wealth status (poor, middle, rich) [28], and place of residence (urban, rural) [7] as control variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological investigation and management of bloody diarrhea among children in India

Bawankule

Shetye²,

Singh

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe evidence on the factors associated with childhood bloody diarrhea in developing countries in general and India, in particular, is somewhat limited. Our study, therefore, examines—the prevalence of bloody diarrhea; the magnitude of treatment of bloody diarrhea (use of both oral rehydration and antibiotics (pills, syrups, and injections)); and several other associated factors with bloody diarrhea in the youngest children under five years in the Indian context.MethodsWe used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)—4 conducted in 2015–16. We used a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify the factors associated with bloody diarrhea. We also applied a multinomial logistic regression model to identify associated factors with the treatment of bloody diarrhea amongst the youngest children below five years.FindingsThe overall prevalence of bloody diarrhea in the youngest children was about 9 percent in the last two weeks preceding the survey. There was a significant difference in the mean age of those children having bloody diarrhea and watery diarrhea during the same period. Children whose stools were disposed of unsafely and those who belonged to households with neither a place nor water for washing hands were more likely to suffer from bloody diarrhea compared to their counterparts with these facilities. About a little less than one-fifth of the youngest children (16%) received adequate treatment of bloody diarrhea. The treatment of bloody diarrhea was associated with the health facility and maternal and children’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.ConclusionThe study shows that household environmental risk factors are important predictors of bloody diarrhea amongst the youngest children. Still, 28% of those children did not receive any treatment of bloody diarrhea in India. There is also a clear need to promote the practice of safe disposal of children’s stools and handwashing among mothers and children. Mothers need to be sensitized about the necessity of an immediate visit to a health facility/center in case of bloody diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological investigation and management of bloody diarrhea among children in India

Bawankule

Shetye²,

Singh

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Based on the LSIS II report and similar studies that examined the factors associated with childhood diarrhea, the present study included the 12 predictor variables below, which were categorized into four levels: the individual, caretaker, household, and village levels [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hand-Washing Facilities with Water and Soap on Diarrhea Incidence among Children under Five Years in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Noguchi

Nonaka

Kounnavong

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Diarrhea is a leading cause of death among children under five (U5) in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). This study assessed the association between the presence of household hand-washing facilities with water and soap and diarrhea episodes among children U5 in Lao PDR. Data from the Lao Social Indicator Survey II were used. The outcome variable was diarrhea episodes in the two weeks preceding the survey. The main predictor variable was the presence of household hand-washing facilities with or without water and/or soap. Mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association, controlling for clustering, and other predictor variables. Of the 8640 households surveyed with 11,404 children, 49.1% possessed hand-washing facilities with both water and soap and 34.7% possessed hand-washing facilities with water alone. Children whose households possessed hand-washing facilities with water alone were significantly more likely to have a diarrhea episode compared to children whose households possessed hand-washing facilities with both water and soap (8.1% vs. 5.9%; odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.81). The association remained significant even after adjusting for other predictors. The absence of soap in hand-washing facilities was associated with higher odds of having a diarrhea episode among children U5 in Lao PDR.

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“…Environmental variables included in the analysis were source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, and type of floor material. The first two variables are considered as 'Siamese-twins' that potentially influence the occurrence of diarrhoea among children (Hunter, Risebro, Yen, Lefebvre, Lo, Hartemann et al, 2013;Plate, Strassmann & Wilson, 2004;WateAid, 2017;Carr, 2001;Mohammed & Zungu, 2016;Degebasa, Weldemichael & Marama, 2018;Aziz, Ahmad, Abdul Razak, Omar, Kasim, Yusof et al, 2018). Also, the type of floor material of households could determine the level of presence of diarrhoea causing pathogens that children may come into contact with (Exum, 2016;Hashi, Kumie & Gasana, 2016;Bado, Susuman, and Nebie, 2016).…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and child level factors associated with childhood (0-23 months) diarrhoea in Ghana: a pooled analysis of national representative datasets

Tampah-Naah¹

2019

Ghana J. Dev. Stud.

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In Ghana, diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine maternal and child level factors associated with diarrhoea among children in Ghana. A weighted group of 4,821 mother-child dyads was used for the analysis. The analysis was restricted to mothers with children under 2 years of age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the pooled data. The pooled prevalence of diarrhoea among the children was 18 per cent. It was found that children older than five months, rural children, children whose mothers had 24 months or more preceding birth interval, and those houses' floors made of unimproved materials were more likely to have had experienced diarrhoea. While children with mothers who obtained secondary or higher education and those had access to unimproved sources of drinking water reported less occurrence of diarrhoea. Maternal and child factors have some effects on the occurrence of diarrhoea among children less than two years in Ghana. To decrease the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea in the country, more educative programmes are required for mothers whose children are more likely to having frequent episodes of diarrhoea.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhoeal diseases among children under five in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study 2016

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Epidemiological investigation and management of bloody diarrhea among children in India

Epidemiological investigation and management of bloody diarrhea among children in India

Effects of Hand-Washing Facilities with Water and Soap on Diarrhea Incidence among Children under Five Years in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maternal and child level factors associated with childhood (0-23 months) diarrhoea in Ghana: a pooled analysis of national representative datasets

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