Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic felines in the United States

Billeter, Sarah A.; Spencer, Jennifer; Griffin, Brenda; Dykstra, Christine C.; Blagburn, Byron L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.028

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…No entanto, relatos de infecções por outras espécies do gênero Anaplasma são reportados. Para Anaplasma phagocytophilum, as taxas de soro prevalência encontradas variaram de 1,8% a 4,3% em felinos domésti-cos (Bjoersdorff et al 1999;Lappin et al 2004;Solano-Gallego et al 2006;Billeter et al 2007). O método molecular também é descrito como ferramenta para detecção da infecção por Anaplasma phagocytophilum em felinos (Lappin et al 2005, Shaw et al 2005, Solano-Gallego et al 2006, Tabar et al 2008, Otranto & Dantas-Torres 2010, Santiago 2010.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Se a infecção em felinos mimetiza a Rickettsiose canina, grande número de felinos com doença subclínica pode existir. Tais animais podem, dessa forma, serem identiϐi-cados pela sorologia (Legendre 2002, Billeter et al 2007). Por outro lado, os felinos podem ser capazes de debelar o parasita, porém manterem títulos de anticorpos em níveis ainda detectáveis (Billeter et al 2007).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

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Investigação molecular de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys em felinos domésticos: alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT.-Corrêa E.S., Paludo G.R., Scalon M.C., Machado J.A., Lima A.C.Q., Pinto A. Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma platys are Gram-negative micro-organisms, obligate intracellular parasites, residing in cytoplasmic vacuoles of leukocytes and platelets, found in peripheral blood or tissue. Few reports have been made about ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in cats in Brazil, which are based on the presence of morulae in leukocytes and platelets, or by detecting antibodies. The objective of this study was to investigate the natural infection with Ehrlichia sp. and A. platys in cats in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, by hematoscopia and DNA detection of these agents. Samples of whole blood and serum from 91 cats, regardless of race, gender and age. Blood count, serum biochemistry and PCR using primers for Ehrlichia sp. and A. platys were perfomed. Data from hematoscopia showed 9.89% of morulae only in platelets. The DNA of A. platys was detected in 13.18% of the 91 samples and 44.44% of the positive at hematoscopia. The DNA of Ehrlichia sp. was not detected in any sample. All animals studied did not show clinical signs neither positive laboratory results. The data suggest that domestic cats can serve as potential reservoirs for A. platys as asymptomatic form of related diseases.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Investigação molecular de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys em felinos domésticos: alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas

et al. 2011

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“…Without any clinical signs, the prevalence in horses was less than 6.7% (Tables 6–8). Furthermore, several case reports and case series have been published on domestic animals in North America (e.g., Cockwill et al, 2009; Granick et al, 2009; Uehlinger et al, 2011), and serological studies have shown a wide evidence of dogs, cats, and horses being in contact with A. phagocytophilum in USA, Canada, and Asia (e.g., Magnarelli et al, 2001; Billeter et al, 2007; Bowman et al, 2009; Villeneuve et al, 2011; Bell et al, 2012; Ybañez et al, 2012). Additionally, serological and molecular evidence have been provided from North Africa (which also is an endemic area for I. ricinus ) that horses and dogs become infected with A. phagocytophilum (M'Ghirbi et al, 2009, 2012).…”

Section: Hosts and Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasma phagocytophilum—a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies

Stuen¹,

Granquist²,

Silaghi³

2013

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

464

438

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The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum has for decades been known to cause the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants in Ixodes ricinus-infested areas in northern Europe. In recent years, the bacterium has been found associated with Ixodes-tick species more or less worldwide on the northern hemisphere. A. phagocytophilum has a broad host range and may cause severe disease in several mammalian species, including humans. However, the clinical symptoms vary from subclinical to fatal conditions, and considerable underreporting of clinical incidents is suspected in both human and veterinary medicine. Several variants of A. phagocytophilum have been genetically characterized. Identification and stratification into phylogenetic subfamilies has been based on cell culturing, experimental infections, PCR, and sequencing techniques. However, few genome sequences have been completed so far, thus observations on biological, ecological, and pathological differences between genotypes of the bacterium, have yet to be elucidated by molecular and experimental infection studies. The natural transmission cycles of various A. phagocytophilum variants, the involvement of their respective hosts and vectors involved, in particular the zoonotic potential, have to be unraveled. A. phagocytophilum is able to persist between seasons of tick activity in several mammalian species and movement of hosts and infected ticks on migrating animals or birds may spread the bacterium. In the present review, we focus on the ecology and epidemiology of A. phagocytophilum, especially the role of wildlife in contribution to the spread and sustainability of the infection in domestic livestock and humans.

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“…Equine and canine granulocytic ehrlichioses have been found in broad distributions across the United States, Canada, South America, and Europe. Feline granulocytic anaplasmosis is less common but has been increasingly reported in Europe and the United States (8,28,31,122,202). The present review primarily describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of intracellular infection by A. phagocytophilum isolates from HGA patients in the United States, since A. phagocytophilum from other sources has not been sufficiently studied in this aspect.…”

Section: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Diseases In Domestic Animentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Obligatory Intracellular Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum

2011

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SUMMARY Anaplasma phagocytophilum persists in nature by cycling between mammals and ticks. Human infection by the bite of an infected tick leads to a potentially fatal emerging disease called human granulocytic anaplasmosis. A. phagocytophilum is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that replicates inside mammalian granulocytes and the salivary gland and midgut cells of ticks. A. phagocytophilum evolved the remarkable ability to hijack the regulatory system of host cells. A. phagocytophilum alters vesicular traffic to create an intracellular membrane-bound compartment that allows replication in seclusion from lysosomes. The bacterium downregulates or actively inhibits a number of innate immune responses of mammalian host cells, and it upregulates cellular cholesterol uptake to acquire cholesterol for survival. It also upregulates several genes critical for the infection of ticks, and it prolongs tick survival at freezing temperatures. Several host factors that exacerbate infection have been identified, including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cholesterol. Host factors that overcome infection include IL-12 and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Two bacterial type IV secretion effectors and several bacterial proteins that associate with inclusion membranes have been identified. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying A. phagocytophilum infection will foster the development of creative ideas to prevent or treat this emerging tick-borne disease.

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Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic felines in the United States

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Investigação molecular de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys em felinos domésticos: alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas

Investigação molecular de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys em felinos domésticos: alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas

Anaplasma phagocytophilum—a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies

Mechanisms of Obligatory Intracellular Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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