Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Children and adolescents with intellectual disability are at risk of developing psychiatric symptoms and disorders; yet, the estimates reported in the literature have been inconsistent, presenting a potential barrier for service planning and delivery. Sources of variability could arise from differences in measurement instruments as well as subgroup membership by severity of intellectual disability, gender and age. This systematic review aimed to address these gaps. Method: MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 2018 and selected studies were reviewed. Studies were included if they reported point prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in a general population of 6- to 21-year-old individuals with intellectual disability. The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist was applied to eligible papers to appraise their scientific strength. Pooled prevalence for mental health symptomology was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 19 studies were included, including 6151 children and adolescents. The pooled prevalence estimate captured by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist was 38% (95% confidence interval = [31, 46]), contrasting with 49% (95% confidence interval = [46, 51]) captured by the Child Behaviour Checklist; both rates were higher than a non-intellectual disability population. Severity of intellectual disability did not significantly influence the Developmental Behaviour Checklist risks. Insufficient data were available to conduct statistical analyses on the effects of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (30%), conduct disorder (3–21%) and anxiety disorders (7–34%) were the most prevalent conditions. Conclusion: This review consists of the largest sample hitherto evaluated. In the intellectual disability population, mental health comorbidities could be better detected by a symptom phenotype than a psychiatric diagnostic phenotype. Crucially, future research needs to address the effect of measurement validity in the intellectual disability population. Estimated prevalence rates were high compared to the general population, indicating the importance of systematic screening, case detection and appropriate management.

The quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the Coronavirus disease 19 emergency in Japan

“…The inclusion criteria were (1) children with NDDs (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], ASD, specific learning disorders [SLD], tic disorders, or other neurodevelopmental disorders), as classified by DSM-5, and (2) schoolaged children (from 6 to 18 years old). The exclusion criteria were (1) children with moderate or profound intellectual disabilities (because validation of CBCL in intellectual disability was uncertain in the previous study 29 , we prioritized eliminating the effects of intellectual ability on sleep patterns and mental health in this study) and (2) parents who did not understand the questionnaires written in Japanese.…”

“…A recent online anonymous study on adults showed that the COVID-19 pandemic was negatively associated with mental health (i.e., stress and depression) and QOL [11][12][13] . A higher risk for increased anxiety and depression was seen in younger women (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), unemployed persons, individuals with a prior psychiatric history, and those reporting a greater negative impact on their QOL 11,12 .…”

Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung: Ergebnisse der repräsentativen Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsstudie (KiGGS Welle 2)

“…Auch wenn für das Erwachsenenalter mittlerweile Studienergebnisse zur psychischen Gesundheit von Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland vorliegen [15,16], sind für das Heranwachsendenalter kaum systematische Auswertungen basierend auf repräsentativen Surveydaten vorzufinden. Internationale Studien ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung unabhängig von der Behinderungsart ebenfalls häufiger auftreten als bei Gleichaltrigen ohne Behinderungen [17][18][19][20][21]. Ein Review von Buckley et al [21] verdeutlicht, dass Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 6 bis 21 Jahren mit geistiger Behinderung im Vergleich zu jenen ohne Behinderung eine signifikant schlechtere psychische Gesundheit und Prävalenzen von psychischen Störungen zwischen 38 und 49 % aufweisen [21].…”

“…Internationale Studien ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung unabhängig von der Behinderungsart ebenfalls häufiger auftreten als bei Gleichaltrigen ohne Behinderungen [17][18][19][20][21]. Ein Review von Buckley et al [21] verdeutlicht, dass Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 6 bis 21 Jahren mit geistiger Behinderung im Vergleich zu jenen ohne Behinderung eine signifikant schlechtere psychische Gesundheit und Prävalenzen von psychischen Störungen zwischen 38 und 49 % aufweisen [21]. Eine Studie mit Schülerinnen und Schülern im Alter von 13 bis 18 Jahren in Schweden stellt dar, dass die Heranwachsenden -und hier insbesondere Mädchen mit Behinderung und Mehrfachbehinderung eine schlechtere psychische Gesundheit berichten als Jugendliche ohne Behinderung.…”

Neuropsychological and behavioural profiles of students with intellectual development disorder on parents and teachers' perceptions

“…In some countries, the prevalence of comorbidities in persons with IDD is reportedly high (Platt et al 2018;Buckley et al 2020). Although a meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of IDD is almost twice as high in low-income and middle-income countries, the number of studies addressing the comorbidities of IDD in these countries is relatively small (Maulik et al 2011).…”