Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Salmonella Strains Isolated From a Subtropical Lake

Díaz-Torres, Osiris; Lugo-Melchor, Ofelia Yadira; Anda, José de; Gradilla‐Hernández, Misael Sebastian; Amézquita-López, Bianca A.; Meza-Rodríguez, Demetrio

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.521146

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Since the bacteria have evolved to be resistant to various antimicrobials, constant antibiotic surveillance is warranted, and the genotyping techniques are essential to tracing the source of the bacteria. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was considered as the golden standard genotyping technique for differentiation of Salmonella isolates [ 17 , 18 ]. Furthermore, it can also be used to trace the source of infections and the transmission route of the strains [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic profiles between Salmonella strains isolated from patients and those from asymptomatic people in Nantong city, China. Methods A total of 88 Salmonella strains were collected from patients and asymptomatic people from 2017 to 2018. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE analysis were performed to analyze the characteristics of these strains. Results Twenty serotypes belonging to 8 serogroups were identified in the 88 Salmonella strains. S. Typhimurium remained to be the predominant serotype in strains from both patients and asymptomatic people. Among the 27 strains from patients, S. Enteritidis and S. Rissen were shown as the other two major serotypes, while S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis were demonstrated as the other significant serotypes among the 61 strains from asymptomatic people. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that 84.1% of strains from both resources were multi-drug resistant. PFGE displayed a highly discriminative ability to differentiate strains belonging to S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, etc., but could not efficiently differentiate serotypes like S. Enteritidis. Conclusions This study’s results demonstrated that S. Typhimurium could cause human infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic state; S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis usually cause asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis infection mainly results in human diseases. The high multi-drug resistance rate detected in the antimicrobial resistance and diverse PFGE profiles of these strains implied that the strains were isolated from different sources, and the increased surveillance of Salmonella from both patients and asymptomatic people should be taken to control the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was considered as the golden standard genotyping technique for differentiation of Salmonella isolates [ 17 , 18 ]. Furthermore, it can also be used to trace the source of infections and the transmission route of the strains [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…We can see that the monitoring points located in Lake Cajititlán increase the average TSI of the whole subbasin. Lake Cajititlán has been described as one of the most polluted water reservoirs in the country, with critical eutrophication levels reported over the years [21,25,52,53]. The San Marcos Lake subbasin (Figure 6B) had an average TSI of 91.6.…”

Section: Average Tsimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the state of Jalisco was chosen to test the methodological approach. Jalisco is the main livestock producer in Mexico, with one of the strongest economies, where eutrophication has been reported as a consequence of poor management of livestock farming and of agricultural waste [8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. According to Rojas Ramírez and Vallejo Rodríguez [26], the livestock farming industry is still growing in the region, which is driving a shift in land use from natural ecosystems to animal production surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS Methodology to Determine the Critical Regions for Mitigating Eutrophication in Large Territories: The Case of Jalisco, Mexico

et al. 2021

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Inadequate management practices for solid waste and wastewater are some of the main causes of eutrophication globally, especially in regions where intensive livestock, agricultural, and industrial activities are coupled with inexistent or ineffective waste and wastewater treatment infrastructure. In this study, a methodological approach is presented to spatially assess the trophic state of large territories based on public water quality databases. The trophic state index (TSI) includes total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll A, chemical oxygen demand, and Secchi disk depth values as water quality indicators. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to manage the spatiotemporal attributes of the water quality data, in addition to spatially displaying the results of TSI calculations. As a case study, this methodological approach was applied to determine the critical regions for mitigating eutrophication in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Although a decreasing trend was observed for the TSI values over time for most subbasins (2012–2019), a tendency for extreme hypereutrophication was observed in some regions, such as the Guadalajara metropolitan area and the Altos region, which are of high economic relevance at the state level. A correlation analysis was performed between the TSI parameters and rainfall measurements for all subbasins under analysis, which suggested a tendency for nutrient wash-off during the rainy seasons for most subbasins; however, further research is needed to quantify the real impacts of rainfall by including other variables such as elevation and slope. The relationships between the water quality indicators and land cover were also explored. The GIS methodology proposed in this study can be used to spatially assess the trophic state of large regions over time, taking advantage of available water quality databases. This will enable the efficient development and implementation of public policies to assess and mitigate the eutrophication of water sources, as well as the efficient allocation of resources for critical regions. Further studies should focus on applying integrated approaches combining on-site monitoring data, remote sensing data, and machine learning algorithms to spatially evaluate the trophic state of territories.

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“…Eutrophic conditions caused by high nutrient and organic matter loads have been reported for multiple waterbodies across the state. This is mainly due to excessive uncontrolled solid waste and wastewater discharges by agro-industrial activities, leading to anoxic conditions and toxic cyanobacterial blooms, which can damage wildlife and even pose a threat to nearby settlements (de Anda et al, 2019;Díaz-Torres et al, 2020;Gradilla-Hernández et al, 2020). In order to reduce this eutrophication, the management practices of both solid waste and wastewater must be improved to decrease the amounts of organic matter and nutrient discharge going into Jalisco's hydrographic systems (Montoya et al, 1997;Abrol and Sharma, 2012;Jayme-Torres and Hansen, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Environmental Sustainability in Agro-Industrial Waste Management Practices: The Case of the Tequila Industry

Díaz-Vázquez

Carrillo-Nieves

Orozco-Nunnelly

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Sustainable waste management is a key component needed to achieve multiple of the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations for the year 2030. Such waste management can reduce the degradation of superficial water sources and can contribute to the sustainable and efficient use of resources. Due to their usually high nutrient and organic loads, agro-industrial wastes pose a threat to soil and water resources and are a major contributor to greenhouse gas generation. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to assess the environmental sustainability of vinasse management practices, integrating an extensive physicochemical characterization of tequila vinasses, a GIS-based weighted overlay analysis and a scenario analysis. Mathematical models were applied for the determination of discharged pollutants (nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD5), as well as greenhouse gas emissions. This methodology was applied to an environmental sustainability assessment of the management practices of tequila vinasses, which are one of the main waste streams generated by the agro-industry in the Mexican state of Jalisco and are one of the main contributors to organic and nutrient loads affecting the water quality of Jalisco’s superficial water sources. Through this integrated approach, critical regions for the management of tequila vinasses were determined and an extensive physicochemical characterization of tequila vinasses was performed and applied to assess the environmental sustainability of four management scenarios for tequila vinasses. These results can be used by decision-makers for the implementation of public policy and infrastructure for the improvement of local and regional waste management systems. Additionally, these data may be used to increase the environmental sustainability of the tequila industry. The proposed methodology has the potential to be applied to different waste-intensive regions as well as different organic waste streams for the assessment of the environmental sustainability of specific management practices considering the local and regional context.

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Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Salmonella Strains Isolated From a Subtropical Lake

Cited by 12 publications

References 98 publications

Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

A GIS Methodology to Determine the Critical Regions for Mitigating Eutrophication in Large Territories: The Case of Jalisco, Mexico

An Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Environmental Sustainability in Agro-Industrial Waste Management Practices: The Case of the Tequila Industry

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