Prevalence, correlates and comorbidity of DSM-IV Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorders in Australia

Teesson, Maree; Slade, Tim; Swift, Wendy; Mills, Katherine L.; Memedovic, Sonja; Mewton, Louise; Grove, Rachel; Newton, Nicola C.; Hall, Wayne

doi:10.1177/0004867412460591

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the prevalence has been reported higher (11.4%) within 25-44 years old [129], comparable to our finding for CUD (12.9%) or Can-ab/Can-dep (11.6%). In addition, we found 28.0% of those in 19Up were alcohol dependent (46.6% with AUD), consistent with previous publications [40,125], despite differences in recruitment and age of the respondents.…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 90%

“…In our sample, comorbidities were widespread across the diagnoses (Table 5, Supplementary Document 3) consistent with previous epidemiological results [40,118,122,124,129,[138][139][140] and explained in part by genetic correlations between psychiatric diagnoses [10,11]. Thus, about 65.2% of our sample met the criteria for at least one DSM-5 diagnosis, with 29.3% of these reporting a second lifetime diagnoses, and 11.5% having 3 or more comorbid diagnoses.…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Population studies found between 5.4%-6.2% of Australians meet criteria for CUD [128,129]. However, the prevalence has been reported higher (11.4%) within 25-44 years old [129], comparable to our finding for CUD (12.9%) or Can-ab/Can-dep (11.6%).…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 80%

“…In addition, we found 28.0% of those in 19Up were alcohol dependent (46.6% with AUD), consistent with previous publications [40,125], despite differences in recruitment and age of the respondents. The differences with studies that reported lower rates of alcohol dependence in both Australia (3.8%) [129] and New Zealand (4%) [120] could be due to differences in data collection (face to face vs. online), recruitment and demographics.…”

Section: 015▲mentioning

confidence: 57%

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Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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The Queensland Brain Institute 2 Thesis AbstractThe objective of the work presented in this thesis was to extend our understanding of depression aetiology and to identify brain MRI endophenotypes of depression. Our work builds on previous research that highlighted the genetic relationships between stress, sex and depression. In addition, MRI measurements are heritable and do not relying on selfreport. As such, they represent promising endophenotypes that could help break down further the genetics of depression.Preliminary work involved reporting depression prevalence in a young adult Australian twin sample (N=2,773) as well as comorbidity with affective and substance use disorders (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrated the good psychometric properties of the SPHERE questionnaire, which provides self-reported measures of anxiety-depression and chronic fatigue. Properties of the scores include: i) stochastic ordering on the sum score, ii) limited sex and age bias through adolescence, iii) high internal consistency, iv) good 3 months test-retest, v) moderate heritability, vi) significant association with lifetime MDD, social anxiety and alcohol dependence diagnoses (Chapter 2).In an older sample of Australian twins (N=5,221, Chapter 3), we performed a direct test of the diathesis-stress hypothesis in depression, which states that stressors can mediate the effect of genetic predisposition (diathesis) on the disease risk. We used Polygenic Risk Scores as a measure of diathesis and report a significant interaction with personal stressful life events, supporting the idea that stress and predisposition have a multiplicative effect on the depression liability scale. This interaction may be different between sexes as suggested by the stratified analysis.We then performed 3 analyses of resting-state fMRI from which we showed that: 1) Head motion (HM) is reliable and heritable in addition to being a major confound in fMRI analyses. However, this is unlikely to greatly confound twin studies of resting-state functional connectivity (FC). As a by-product of the analysis we showed that FC in the Broca's areas networks exhibited low to moderate test-retest and heritability (Chapter 4).2) HM is phenotypically and genetically associated with ADHD scores of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. This leads to most head motion image processing options to reduce power and/or to induce a sampling bias in RS-fMRI studies of ADHD. We discussed ways of circumventing this problem, via volume pruning or multivariate analysis (Chapter 5). 33) Nuisance regression (global signal regression, CompCor and HM regression) options in RS-fMRI processing have a moderate impact on the test-retest of regional homogeneity. Independently of the processing options, the low to moderate intra-class coefficients estimated in our sample may be due to insufficient scanning time (5mins 20s) and would impair our statistical power to detect RS-fMRI endophenotypes of depression (Chapter 6).Rather, we focused on structural brain images and contributed sample...

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Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: 015▲mentioning

confidence: 57%

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Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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“…The co-existence of mental and substance use disorders (dual diagnosis) occurs in approximately 25-50 percent of substance users (Teesson et al, 2012), and is even higher when sub-threshold mental health symptoms are considered (Guest and Holland, 2011). Despite growing recognition and a rapidly increasing international evidence base for effective treatments, a serious level of unmet need for treatment exists for people experiencing dual diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%