Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and genu valgum among school children in rural field practice area of a medical college

Arvind, Banavaram Anniappan; Isaac, Arjunan; Murthy, N S; Shivaraj, N; Suryanarayana, S P; Pruthvish, S

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60101-7

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Whilst, a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis among females was reported in a few studies [ 8 , 20 ] and one study reported a higher prevalence among the males [ 9 ], the present study did not find any significant difference in burden of fluorosis between the sexes. Our study findings are consistent with research conducted among rural school children in Uttar Pradesh [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Our study findings are consistent with research conducted among rural school children in Uttar Pradesh [ 21 ]. A study conducted in 2009 among primary school children in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka [ 20 ], showed an increased prevalence of very mild dental fluorosis, according to the Dean’s Fluorosis Index when compared with other categories. Our study suggests highest prevalence of moderate fluorosis which was 39.3 percent among participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India

Verma¹,

Shetty

Guddattu

et al. 2017

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundFluorosis, caused by ingestion of excessive amount of fluoride through food or water, is a major public health problem in India. This study was undertaken to quantify the dental fluorosis burden among school going adolescents and to find factors associated with dental fluorosis in Kolar taluka, Karnataka, India.MethodsA total of 1026 high school adolescents (12–17 years) were enrolled from different schools selected by stratified sampling method. Dental examination was done to record Dean’s fluorosis index, and socio-demographic, food consumption and oral hygiene data were recorded using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Fluoride content was measured using Orion apparatus, and Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) was calculated from drinking water samples from various drinking sources. Multivariable analysis with generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression model was used to explore the factors associated with dental fluorosis.ResultAmong 1026 enrolled students, 64.3% of adolescents were detected with dental fluorosis; more than 50% had either severe or moderate fluorosis according to the Dean’s Fluorosis Index and Community Fluorosis Index (CFI). The majority of affected students were from government schools. The significantly associated factors with dental fluorosis were living in study area for more than 5 years and studying in government school. A strong positive correlation between the amount of fluoride content in drinking water sample collected and CFI was observed (rho = 0.570).ConclusionPrevalence of dental fluorosis was considerably high, affecting nearly two-thirds of the students, and mainly in government schools and long-term residents of the area. Health education and community awareness for preventing fluorosis, apart from setting-up defluoridation plants or training for home based defluoridation techniques in study villages, should be considered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India

Verma¹,

Shetty

Guddattu

et al. 2017

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…[ 3 ] As Kaiwara, a part of Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka, has no alternate source of water, it is dependent solely on groundwater through bore wells for its water supply. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted by Arvind et al . in Kaiwara and the villages under Kaiwara Primary Health Center, it was found that of the 1544 children examined, 42.1% and 8.4% had dental fluorosis and genu valgum, respectively,[ 4 ] which clearly proved increased consumption of fluoride. This study is aimed to assess the impact of community defluoridation in Kaiwara, a village endemic for hydric fluorosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of community defluoridation on a village endemic for hydric fluorosis in rural Karnataka, India

Isaac

Pruthvish

Haridas

et al. 2020

Indian J Community Med

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Introduction: Excessive intake of fluorides can lead to the development of fluorosis, a serious public health issue in India. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of community defluoridation in preventing fluorosis in Kaiwara village. Methodology: This community interventional trial was conducted in Kaiwara village, Karnataka, after obtaining ethical clearance. The study included 903 participants; preintervention data were collected by recording the required parameters. The postinterventional study was carried out 2 years after installing the reverse osmosis plant. Data from pre- and post-intervention study were compared. Results: Dean's index showed no significant change in the pre- and post-intervention period for its various categories ( P = 0.543). However, the mean urine fluoride levels were found to be decreased significantly (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of providing defluorinated water to the village population as a potential solution for fluorosis.

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“…During the years 2007–2016, the Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC) has reported over 190 studies on the effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones, including studies on both animals and humans 17 . Some studies have discovered the relation between dental fluorosis and thyroid disease 18 – 23 . The effect of thyroid hormones on learning memory was investigated in rats by Basha et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study

Kheradpisheh

Mirzaei

Mahvi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case-control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T 3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0-0.29 and 0.3-0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6-3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6-4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2-9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3-8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2-14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T 3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism.Over the past decade, several studies have focused on the effects of environmental toxins on the human endocrine system, including the impact of fluoride on the thyroid gland 1,2 . Globally, millions of people suffer from thyroid-related problems. When the thyroid gland does not function properly, it can affect multiple aspects of our health [3][4][5] . The most important effect is thyroid complications in pregnant women. Uncontrolled hypothyroidism can raise the blood pressure during late pregnancy, increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm delivery, and affect brain development and growth rate 3-5 . The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen from 2% to 5% per decade. If this trend continues, thyroid cancer may become the fourth most common cancer in the United States by 2030 6 . The incidence rate of this type of cancer is two times more in high-income and middle-income countries as compared to low-income countries. It has a three to four time's higher probability of occurring in women than in men 6 . The adverse effects of fluoride on animal and human health are well documented in the literature 7,8 . The effects of high fluoride ingestion through drinking water, green tea, and ambient air pollution on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TH, and TSH) were investigated in both humans and animals. Some studies reported a reduction in the T4 and T3 levels as well as an abnormal increase in the TSH levels 9-15 . said that even at 1 mg/L of fluoride in water, T3 levels reduced in teenagers living in Northern Mexico 16 . During the years 2007-2016, the Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC) has reported over 190 studies on the effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones, including studies on both animals and humans 17 . Some studies have discovered the relation between dental fluorosis and thyroid...

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Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and genu valgum among school children in rural field practice area of a medical college

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India

High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India

Impact of community defluoridation on a village endemic for hydric fluorosis in rural Karnataka, India

Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study

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