Prevalence and Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients during January-December 2021 at Bekasi District General Hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, cardiovascular disease caused 17.5 million deaths, while ACS caused 7.4 million deaths. ACS is a condition when the plaques are accumulated in coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscles. The ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is an indicator of total coronary artery occlusion. This condition requires revascularization to restore blood flow and myocardial reperfusion using fibrinolytic agents or primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Early reperfusion therapy can reduce in-hospital mortality and show better outcomes in ACS patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ACS patients and the risk factors of in-hospital mortality of STEMI patients at Bekasi District General Hospital in 2021. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study using secondary data from medical records. The data were presented in diagrams and tables. Results: There were 117 cases of ACS in 2021. They were 14% STEMI, 15% Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and 71% Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP). Most patients were male (54%), and aged < 65-years-old (85%). The in-hospital mortality was 19% STEMI, 17% NSTEMI, and 12% UAP. Among 16 STEMI patients, 81% were male and 94% were aged < 65-years-old. There were 69% who came to the emergency room < 12 hours and only 50% underwent fibrinolytic. Conclusion:The risk factors of in-hospital mortality of STEMI patients were 40% late onset, 23% anterior STEMI, 20% hypertension, 60% diabetes mellitus, 50% chronic kidney disease, 33% tachycardia, and 100% Killip III.