Prevalence and risk factors of Theileria equi infection in horses in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Guimarães, Antônio Marcos; Bruhn, Fábio Raphael Pascoti; Ribeiro, Manoel Junqueira Maciel; Rosa, M. H. F.; Garcia, Adriana de Mello; Rocha, Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da; Rocha, Izabela de Assis

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.05.005

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Purebred horses are more commonly used for sports and recreation activities. Some studies have been carried out solely with purebred or crossbred horses or with a specific breed predefined according to the region, since these animals are of greater economic importance in the horse market (GOLYNSKI et al, 2008;KERBER et al, 2009;GUIMARÃES et al, 2016;NUGRAHA et al, 2018). However, more specific studies are needed involving purebred and mixed breed horses in order to examine this host parasite relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serological studies on B. caballi and T. equi have been conducted in the south, southeast and central-west regions of Brazil, which have revealed B. caballi prevalence rates varying from 18 to 90% (BARBOSA et al, 1995;HEUCHERT et al, 1999;HEIM et al, 2007;KERBER et al, 2009;VIEIRA et al, 2013;NOGUEIRA et al, 2017;BRAGA et al, 2017) and T. equi prevalence rates from 17 to 100% (TENTER & FRIEDHOFF, 1986;BARBOSA et al, 1995;RIBEIRO et al, 1999;HEUCHERT et al, 1999;XUAN et al, 2001;HEIM et al, 2007;GOLYNSKI et al, 2008;KERBER et al, 1999KERBER et al, , 2009BALDANI et al, 2010;SALVAGNI et al, 2010;VIEIRA et al, 2013;PROCHNO et al, 2014;VIEIRA et al, 2015VIEIRA et al, , 2018FERREIRA et al, 2016;GUIMARÃES et al, 2016;BRAGA et al, 2017;SCHEIN et al, 2018). However, such studies have rarely been carried out in northeastern Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Souza

Araujo

Pires

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Equine piroplasmosis, an economically important disease in horses, has so far not been reported in Pernambuco state, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi antibodies based on the detection of these agents in equine blood and in ticks on horses in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were drawn from 393 horses and sera were examined by ELISA. The presence of tick infestations was evaluated, and 101 ticks were subjected to DNA amplification for the detection of Babesia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No parasites were detected in the blood smears. Anti-B. caballi and anti-T. equi antibodies were found in 27.2% (107/393) and 34.8% (137/393) horses, respectively. Infestation by Dermacentor nitens was detected in 4.3% (17/393) of the horses. There was no DNA amplification of the agents in ticks. The risk factors for the presence of anti-T. equi antibodies (P < 0.05) were: purebred (P < 0.001), animals older than 156 months (P = 0.014), and the presence of ticks (P = 0.001). No risk factors for B. caballi were identified. This study confirmed the circulation of agents of equine piroplasmosis in the municipality of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Souza

Araujo

Pires

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Similarly, our results also show that T. equi infection occurs at an earlier age. A number of authors report that, after recovery from acute T. equi infection, animals become healthy, asymptomatic carriers (GUIMARÃES et al, 2016;RÜEGG et al, 2007;VIEIRA et al, 2013;WEILAND, 1986). We expect to find a higher prevalence of hemoparasitic infection in older animals since there is a longer time span for the infection to occur as the parasite remains in the bloodstream for prolonged periods of time, possibly throughout the entire lifetime of the animal (RÜEGG et al, 2007;VIEIRA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is important to emphasize that owners and caretakers interviewed did not mention any clinical signs of EP in equids from the farms visited, as described by Baldani et al (2010) and Guimarães et al (2016). This piece of information suggests that most of the hemoprotozoan infections are probably subclinical and asymptomatic as no changes are observed in the CBC of positive animals, indicating enzootic stability as mentioned by Santos et al (2011) and Zobba et al (2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Frequency and factors associated with Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Trypanosoma evansi in equids from Bahia (Northeast Brazil)

Costa

Freitas

Silva

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated to Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected equids from the northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 569 equids (528 horses, 8 mules, and 33 donkeys) were collected and tested for the presence of DNA of each of these protozoan parasites by PCR. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the infection. The frequency of T. equi infection was 83.5% (475/569) - 84.3% in horses, and 73.2% in donkeys and mules. The results of the final model indicated that age (senior group) and animal species (mule and donkey group) were protective factors against this pathogen. The frequency of B. caballi infection was 24.3% (138/569) - 23.5% in horses and 34.1% in donkeys and mules. Age (adult and senior group) was considered a protective factor against B. caballi infection whereas animal species (donkey and mule group) were considered a risk factor for the infection. Trypanosoma evansi infection was not detected in any of animals. Our results suggest that equids from the area studied may be infected earlier in life with the etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis and become asymptomatic carriers.

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“…The organisms have an apical complex containing secretory organelles involved in invasion and the parasite remains within the host [5]. Theileria equi has a wide geographic distribution and infects horses in Europe, Asia, Africa and South and Central America, but is considered endemic in tropical and subtropical [6]. Equine theileriosis stands out as a major cause of both horse illness and of losses to the horse raising industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine theileriosis: Review

Leivas Leite

2018

ARR

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Equine theileriosis, caused by the Apicomplexa protozoan Theileria equi, is an intra-erythrocytic parasite disease found in horses, and it is widely distributed throughout the world. Its prevalence and endemicity are linked to the presence of tick vectors and chronic equine carriers. Diagnosis of theileriosis is based on serological methods, including ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), IFAT (indirect fluorescent antibody), and molecular methods such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Theileria equi has merozoite surface proteins, equi merozoite antigens (EMA-1, EMA-2, EMA-3 and EMA-6). These antigens play an important role in pathogenesis and provide as host immune response targets against the parasite. EMA-1 and EMA-2 have been identified as immunodominant antigens and they are expressed on the surface of extra-erythrocyte merozoites. EMA-1 protein has been used in commercial testing of immunodiagnostic; however, EMA-2 is a highly conserved immunogenic protein and a promising target. The aim of this study is to contribute to improving the diagnosis and prevention of equine theileriosis.

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Prevalence and risk factors of Theileria equi infection in horses in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Frequency and factors associated with Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Trypanosoma evansi in equids from Bahia (Northeast Brazil)

Equine theileriosis: Review

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