Prevalence and risk factors for infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in swine herds in Illinois (USA)

Weigel, Ronald M.; Firkins, Lawrence D.; Scherba, Gail

doi:10.1051/vetres:2000069

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…They further agree with previous findings from England and elsewhere where herd size and pig density were found to be associated with increased risk of PRRSV infection and thus highlight the importance of biosecurity measures in preventing incursion of PRRSV [3,32,33]. Two identified risk factors for infection, collection of dead pigs and increased pig density, suggest that direct transmission from the pigs, or indirect from vehicles and people involved in their handling is an important factor for infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Various studies have been carried out to investigate risk factors for PRRSV infection at herd level in England and elsewhere. Increased herd size, distance to the nearest pig herd [3], pig and herd density, purchase of semen [32], increased purchase of gilts and boars, and total confinement housing [33] were found to be associated with increased risk of PRRSV infection. In recent years, the situation on many farms has changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThis study aimed to identify risk factors for active porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection at farm level and to assess the probability of an infected farm being detected through passive disease surveillance in England. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study on 147 farrow-to-finish farms conducted from April 2008 – April 2009. The risk factors for active PRRSV infection were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The surveillance system was evaluated using a stochastic scenario tree model.ResultsEvidence of PRRSV circulation was confirmed on 35.1% (95%CI: 26.8-43.4) of farms in the cross sectional study, with a higher proportion of infected farms in areas with high pig density (more than 15000 pigs within 10 km radius from the farm). Farms were more likely to have active PRRSV infection if they used the live virus vaccine-Porcilis PRRS (OR=7.5, 95%CI: 2.5-22.8), were located in high pig density areas (OR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.0-8.3) or had dead pigs collected (OR=5.6, 95%CI: 1.7-18.3). Farms that weaned pigs at 28 days of age or later had lower odds of being PRRSV positive compared to those weaning at 21-27 days (OR=0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.7). The probability of detecting an infected farm through passive surveillance for disease was low (mode=0.074, 5th and 95th percentiles: 0.067; 0.083 respectively). In particular farms which used live virus vaccine had lower probabilities for detection compared to those which did not.ConclusionsRisk factors identified highlight the importance of biosecurity measures for the incursion of PRRSV infection. The results further indicate that a combined approach of surveillance for infection and disease diagnosis is needed to assist effective control and/or elimination of PRRSV from the pig population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance

et al. 2012

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“…Heilongjiang is located in the northernmost of China, and the distant markets are in southern and central China, where PRRSV outbreaks have been reported (An et al., ). In our survey, some factors, such as continuous raising, not isolating of newly bought gilts and natural insemination, were not significantly associated with PRRSV infection, although these have all been reported as risk factors in other studies (Mousing et al., ; Goldberg et al., ; Weigel et al., ; Lambert et al., ; Velasova et al., ). So, further studies are needed to better understanding the risk factors associated with PRRSV infection in the region.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Preliminary Study on Prevalence, Risk Factor and Genetic Homogeneity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Registered Pig Farms in Heilongjiang, China

Wang

Wen

Wang

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

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While porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes great economic losses in southern and central China, systematic studies on the epidemiology of PRRS virus (PRRSV) in Heilongjiang Province had not been performed. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with PRRSV infection, as well as characterize the PRRSV in registered pig farms in Heilongjiang Province, China in 2011. A total of 1237 blood samples were collected from 72 farms and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for PRRSV. Risk factors associated to PRRSV infection were analysed using logistic regression models. Genes of non-structural protein-2 (Nsp2) and glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from 22 isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the herd apparent prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.3, 13.1) in Heilongjiang Province. An increased risk of PRRSV infection on farms was associated with unrestricted movement of external people (OR = 14.1, 95% CI: 1.68, 119.07), close proximity (<1 km) to the nearest house, road or neighbouring farm (OR = 16.2, 95% CI: 1.52, 171.80), and selling farm products at both local and provincial markets (OR = 20.6, 95% CI: 2.02, 210.56). Phylogenetic analysis based on partial amino acid sequences of GP5 and Nsp2 showed that all the 22 PRRSV isolates in Heilongjiang are closely related to the highly pathogenic PRRSV strain JXA1 and belong to the Genotype 2 (American genotype). The prevalence, determination of risk factors and phylogenetic characterization will provide information for future epidemiological studies and a reference for developing surveillance and control strategies in this region.

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“…At least for the artificial insemination centres considered in this study, no significant effect of commercial semen on PRRSV transmission was found for neither ORF5 nor ORF7. Nevertheless, Weigel et al [40] reported that artificial insemination increases significantly the risk that a farm is infected by PRRSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of genetic variation and geographic distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on infectivity and pig growth

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease for the pig industry. In this study, we analysed the genetic variability of PRRS virus (PRRSV) as well as the relationship between the genetic variability, the geographical and temporal distribution of the PRRSV strains. Moreover, we investigated the association between the glycosylation patterns in PRRSV sequences and pigs growth.ResultsThe data highlight that PRRSV strains evolve rapidly on individual farms, and temporal evolution of PRRSV is an important factor of genetic variability. Analysis of glycosylation sites in the glycoprotein 5 (GP5) ectodomain revealed that PRRSV isolates had seven combinations of putative N-linked glycosylation sites of which the N37/46/53 sites was found in 79% of the sequences. No significant relationship was found between the genetic variation of the PRRSV strains and the geographic distance. A significant relationship was found between the genetic variation and time of sampling when farm was considered as a factor in the analysis. Furthermore, the commercial semen from artificial insemination centres was not a source of PRRS transmission.The PRRSV having the glycosylation site at position N46 (N46+) were observed to have higher burden on pigs and accordingly the corresponding infected pigs had lower average daily gain (ADG) compared with those infected with PRRSV lacking the glycosylation at N46 (N46-) position site. This study showed that the number of piglets by litter infected by PRRSV was lower for the Landrace breed than for the other studied breeds (Large White, Duroc and Pietrain).ConclusionsThe PRRSV genetic variability which is determined by a local and temporal evolution at the farm level could be considered in a perspective of prevention. Moreover, the association between the PRRSV glycosylation patterns and its virulence could be of interest for vaccine development. The differences of resistance to PRRSV infections among pig breeds might open new horizons for the genetic selection of robustness against PRRSV infection.

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Prevalence and risk factors for infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in swine herds in Illinois (USA)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance

Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance

Preliminary Study on Prevalence, Risk Factor and Genetic Homogeneity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Registered Pig Farms in Heilongjiang, China

Impact of genetic variation and geographic distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on infectivity and pig growth

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