Prevalence and Relation of Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial Pathogens to Sex and Ages Among Patients in Three Arab Countries

Azab, Khaled

doi:10.21608/ajps.2021.153568

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results of this study showed that E.coli bacteria is one of the most members of the enteric family that causes about 81.4% of urinary tract infections followed by Klebsiella pneumonia about 10.26 %. This is consistent with those obtained by (Azab, 2021) and Jawetz et al, (2016), they reported that E.coli have been found to be the most common causative organism of UTI in many countries followed by K. pneumonia and even globally, E.coli is the most common pathogen causing UTIs, it causes 80-85% of cases. Three G -ve E.coli species were selected from the three infection levels mentioned in Table (1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Promoting Action of Antibiotics Using Thyme Oil Forms Against Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Mousa,

elbeltagy,

عبد الجواد

et al. 2024

Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

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In the last decade, the increased rate of resistance to antibiotics has been critical barrier to successful treatment of various bacterial diseases. Given the increasing antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI), alternative strategies need to be examined. In the current work, four main bacteria were isolated from urinary tract infected patients. The isolates were biochemically characterized as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterobacter faecalis. These UTI bacterial isolates differed in their resistance to the 12 used antibiotics with percentages between 56-100% and therefore cannot be used for empiric therapy in many geographic regions. Thyme oil showed some active compounds such as thymol, P-cymene, Carvacrol, Cineol and Linalool with different percentages when examined by GC-ISQ mass spectrometry. Addition of thyme oil and thymol crystals in the form of emulsion and nano-emulsion (2.5%) to the used antibiotics against resistant UTI isolates showed synergistic action as the E.coli isolate that were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycolipids antibiotics get affected and become susceptible to used antibiotics. Moreover, the concentrations of thyme oil or thymol crystal used to reach the MIC and MBC were reduced by 50% when nano-forms of either compounds were applied. While transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of E.coli isolate treated with nanoform of thymol crystals (2.5%) revealed disruption and phenotypic changes of cell wall compared with untreated control, and therefore improve bacterial penetration and increasing the activity of antibiotics and prove the synergistic action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Promoting Action of Antibiotics Using Thyme Oil Forms Against Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Mousa,

elbeltagy,

عبد الجواد

et al. 2024

Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

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“…In younger children (6-12 years old), there may be less gender-specific behaviors or activities that increase the risk of UTIs. However, as children reach adolescence (>12-14 years old), factors such as sexual activity or hygiene practices may play a role in the higher rate of UTIs in females [27]. Male and female immune responses differ, especially throughout puberty, which could account for some of the reported variations in UTI incidence [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Among School-age Children

Hantoosh

2024

JMGCB

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and serious bacterial infection in children. The current study aims at identifying the most prevalent symptoms and pathogenic bacteria linked to urinary tract infections in school-aged children in Al-Muthanna Province. Between October 2023 and April 2024, a urine samples were collected from 685 (417 female and 268 male) students across three age groups: 129 (19%) (6-12 years), 240 (35%) (>12-14 years), and 316 (46%) (>14-18 years) with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Female students (345) were significantly more affected by bacterial infections compared to male students (182), χ² (df=1, N=685) = 20.2, p < .001. In cases of UTI symptom onset, the likelihood of bacterial UTIs is 1.9 times higher for children aged >12-14 and 3.2 times higher for those aged >14-18 compared to children aged 6-12. The prevalence of symptomatic UTIs among schoolchildren increases with age, from 62% to 83.9% across different age groups. Among female students aged 6-18 with UTI symptoms, 82.7% had a bacterial UTI, compared to 67.9% of male students. Over 5% of schoolchildren without bacterial UTI exhibit moderate to marked pyuria. Hematuria percentages were comparable between individuals with and without bacterial UTIs. The average pH tended to be acidic for both groups, with infected individuals having a pH less than six and uninfected individuals having a pH less than seven. Escherichia coli was the predominant infectious followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at rates of 74%, 41%, 33%, 36%, 29% and 19%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred at a frequency of 12% and 8%, respectively, while Streptococcus agalactiae occurred at a frequency of 3%.

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“…It is an important cause of community-acquired and health care-associated infections, including those involving the urinary tract (46%), surgical wound (24%), lower respiratory tract (30%) and the bloodstream (17%) itself [10]. It is also a common cause of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with anatomical or functional problems [11]. The use of fosfomycin has attracted renewed interest for the treatment of serious systemic infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Efficacy of Fosfomycin Combined with other Antimicrobials against MDR Proteus Mirabilis In vitro and In vivo

Mishu¹,

Khaleduzzaman²,

Shamsuzzaman³

et al. 2022

JAMMR

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Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate antibiotic combinations against MDR Proteus mirabilis. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Dhaka Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh from June 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: Total 570 urine, blood or wound swab and pus samples were collected from the patients admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital after taking informed written consent. Proteus mirabilis were isolated and identified by observing pale of colorless colonies in MacConkey’s agar media and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of various drugs were done by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method [1] and zones of inhibition were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines [2]. Escherichia coli ATCC 29212 was used as control strain to assess the performance of the method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various drugs were determined using agar dilution method [3,4]. To prepare bacterial inoculum, the turbidity of bacterial suspension in normal saline was compared with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards. Antibiotic combinations of various drugs were used to see synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic effects by agar dilution method both in vivo and In vitro [5]. Results: Out of 44 proteus mirabilis 29 were multidrug resistant (MDR). Among the MDR proteus mirabilis 7(24.14%), 20(68.97%), 11(37.93%) and 13(44.83%) were resistant to fosfomycin, amikacin, piperacilin- tazobactam and tigecycline, respectively. The MIC value for fosfomycin, amikacin, piperacilin- tazobactam and tigecycline ranged from 64 µg/ml to 4096µg/ml, from 256 µg/ml to 16,384µg/ml, from 128/4 µg/ml to 1024/4µg/ml and from 8 µg/ml to 64µg/ml, respectively. Out of 4 fosfomycin and amikacin resistant P. mirabilis, one (25%) had 8 fold reduction of MIC, 3 (75%) had 4 fold reduction of MIC (Table 5). Out of 4 fosfomycin and amikacin resistant strains, all showed synergism in combination as their FICI value were ≤0.50. Out of 4 fosfomycin and tigecycline resistant strains, one had FICI value 0.50 (synergistic), two had FICI value 1 (additive) and one had FICI value 0.25 (synergistic). Out of 4 fosfomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam resistant strains, 2 had FICI value 0.50 (synergistic) and one had FICI value 0.25 (synergistic), one had FICI value 1 (additive). All the mice in the positive control group were bacteramic. All the mice in the negative control were blood culture negative. In the group treated with fosfomycin, 20% were culture negative. In the group treated with tigecycline, piperacillin- tazobactam none was culture negative. In the group treated with amikacin, 20% were culture negative. In the group treated with fosfomycin and amikacin, 100% were culture negative. In the group treated with fosfomycin and tigecycline, 80% were culture negative. In the group treated with fosfomycin and Piperacilin- tazobactam 80% were culture negative. Comparison between synergism of different antibiotic combinations in MDR P. mirabilis in vitro and in vivo was showed in (Table 10). While combining fosfomycin with amikacin, they showed 100% synergistic effect both In vitro and In vivo, while combining tigecycline with fosfomycin, they showed 50% synergistic effect in vitro and 80% synergistic effect in vivo and while combining fosfomycin with piperacillin-tazobactam, they showed 75% synergistic effect in vitro and 80% synergistic effect in vivo. Conclusion: Combination therapy is good treatment option for MDR P. mirabilis both in vitro and in vivo. Fosfomycin and amikacin was the most effective combination in both in vitro and in vivo which showed 100% synergism. From the present study it appeared that combination of fosfomycin and amikacin may be a good option for treating infection by MDR P. mirabilis.

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Prevalence and Relation of Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial Pathogens to Sex and Ages Among Patients in Three Arab Countries

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Promoting Action of Antibiotics Using Thyme Oil Forms Against Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Promoting Action of Antibiotics Using Thyme Oil Forms Against Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

The Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Among School-age Children

Evaluation of Efficacy of Fosfomycin Combined with other Antimicrobials against MDR Proteus Mirabilis In vitro and In vivo

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