Prevalence and persistence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in three dairy research herds

Gillespie, B. E.; Headrick, Susan I.; Boonyayatra, Sukolrat; Oliver, S. P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.007

Cited by 110 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Streptococcus dysgalactiae has been most commonly described as a contagious patho-gen but it can also behave as an environmental pathogen (Gruet et al 2001;Bradley 2002;Barkema et al 2009). Similarly, contagious transmission has also been reported in some CNS (Gillespie et al 2009). Pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp., Pasteurellaceae, some pyogenic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and algae number among those which occur infrequently.…”

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confidence: 66%

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

Cervinkova¹,

Vlkova²,

Borodacova³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med.

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A total of 669 individual cow milk samples originating from asymptomatic cows from 16 dairy farms were examined for the presence of microorganisms with the potential to cause mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci clearly predominated (53.5% positive samples) followed by streptococci and enterococci (both occurring in 16.1% samples). Among streptococci, so-called mastitis streptococci (S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae) prevailed (11.7% positive samples). Enterobacteriaceae were found in 10.0% samples, most of which (6.6% samples) were positive for Escherichia coli. Yeasts (mainly Candida spp.) were found in 8.2% samples. One of the major mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, was isolated from 9.0% of samples. S. aureus isolates were further characterised in terms of their capability to form biofilm, antimicrobial susceptibility and clonality (PFGE). All S. aureus isolates were capable of biofilm formation and were generally susceptible to the majority of tested antibiotics. The exception was ampicillin, resistance to which was observed in 27.7% isolates. Therefore, the relatively frequent occurrence of S. aureus could be attributed to persistent intramammary infections due to biofilm formation rather than low efficacy of particular antibiotics. PFGE analysis revealed clonal spread of certain S. aureus isolates within and between farms indicating that certain lineages of S. aureus mastitis strains are particularly successful.

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confidence: 66%

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

Cervinkova¹,

Vlkova²,

Borodacova³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med.

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“…The coagulation reaction of S. hyicus was described as often having weak activity, requiring 18 to 24 h for detection (5). Staphylococcus hyicus has been associated with chronic intramammary infections (IMI) that cause subclinical or mild clinical mastitis in dairy cattle (6,7). Historically, S. hyicus was found to be one of the most common organisms isolated from mammary gland secretions and teat canal keratin samples from primigravid heifers (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2017

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Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus agnetis are two coagulasevariable staphylococcal species that can be isolated from bovine milk and are difficult to differentiate. The objectives of this study were to characterize isolates of bovine milk origin from a collection that had previously been characterized as coagulase-positive S. hyicus based on phenotypic species identification methods and to develop a PCR-based method for differentiating S. hyicus, S. agnetis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolates (n ϭ 62) were selected from a previous study in which milk samples were collected from cows on 15 dairy herds. Isolates were coagulase tested and identified to the species level using housekeeping gene sequencing. A multiplex PCR to differentiate S. hyicus, S. agnetis, and S. aureus was developed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was conducted to strain type the isolates. Based on gene sequencing, 44/62 of the isolates were determined to be either S. agnetis (n ϭ 43) or S. hyicus (n ϭ 1). Overall, 88% (37/42) of coagulase-positive S. agnetis isolates were found to be coagulase positive at 4 h. The herd-level prevalence of coagulasepositive S. agnetis ranged from 0 to 2.17%. Strain typing identified 23 different strains. Six strains were identified more than once and from multiple cows within the herd. Three strains were isolated from cows at more than one time point, with 41 to 264 days between samplings. These data suggest that S. agnetis is likely more prevalent on dairy farms than S. hyicus. Also, some S. agnetis isolates in this study appeared to be contagious and associated with persistent infections.KEYWORDS Staphylococcus, cattle, milk S taphylococci are the most common bacteria isolated from the cow's mammary gland and are frequently associated with subclinical or mild clinical mastitis (1-3). Staphylococci can be differentiated into groups using the coagulase test. Hemolytic coagulase-positive isolates are often presumptively identified as Staphylococcus aureus, a so-called "major" contagious mastitis pathogen, and coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently grouped together as "minor" pathogens (4).Currently, there are two coagulase-variable staphylococcal species that have been associated with bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus agnetis. Staphylococcus hyicus was the first staphylococcal species to be described as coagulase variable, with coagulase production being found in approximately 24 to 56% of strains (5). The coagulation reaction of S. hyicus was described as often having weak activity,

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“…Recent publications report on subclinical/clinical mastitis due to CNS (Gillespie et al, 2009), but beneficial effects have also been suggested (De Vliegher et al, 2003, 2004Schukken et al, 2009). tRNA-intergenic spacer PCR (tDNA-PCR) has been shown to be useful for rapid, inexpensive and accurate identification of CNS at the species level (Supré et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus devriesei sp. nov., isolated from teat apices and milk of dairy cows

Supré

Vliegher

Cleenwerck

et al. 2010

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Ten non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from bovine milk and teat apices. All isolates were catalase-positive, with anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 and C 18 : 0 as predominant fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The results of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and four housekeeping genes (rpoB, hsp60, tuf and dnaJ) in combination with tRNA-intergenic spacer length analysis showed that the isolates form a separate branch within the genus Staphylococcus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the phylogenetically most closely related species are Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. hominis and S. lugdunensis, with .98.7 % sequence similarity. The DNA G+C content varies from 33.3 to 33.7 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization with the nearest neighbours, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed that the isolates represent a novel Staphylococcus species. All isolates induced a small zone of complete haemolysis on Columbia agar with 5 % sheep blood and exhibited a homogeneous biochemical fingerprint that is discriminative from the phylogenetically most closely related species. Based on these results, it is proposed to classify the ten isolates as Staphylococcus devriesei sp. nov., with strain KS-SP 60 T (5LMG 25332 T 5CCUG 58238 T ) as the type strain.In well-managed dairy farms in many parts of the world, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become the predominant pathogens in milk samples from cows (Piepers et al., 2007;Schukken et al., 2009 The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the rpoB, hsp60, tuf, dnaJ and 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates 16, 18, 20, 27, 60 T , 65 and 66 are respectively FJ389223-FJ389225, FJ389227-FJ389230 and FJ389232-FJ389234 (failed reaction for KS-SP 20) (rpoB), FJ389210, FJ389211 and FJ389215-FJ389220 (failed reaction for KS-SP 27 and 66) (hsp60), FJ389240-FJ389242, FJ389244-FJ389246 and FJ389248 (failed reaction for KS-SP 16, 65 and 66) (tuf), FJ907448-FJ907455 (failed reaction for KS-SDV 16 and KS-SP 66) (dnaJ) and FJ938168, FJ389197, FJ389198, FJ389200-FJ389203 and FJ389206-389208 (16S rRNA gene).Details of strain isolation and amplification primers, phenotypic results for individual strains and dendrograms based on tDNA-PCR results and dnaJ, rpoB, hsp60 and tuf sequences are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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Prevalence and persistence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in three dairy research herds

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Staphylococcus devriesei sp. nov., isolated from teat apices and milk of dairy cows

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