Prevalence and pattern of stylohyoid chain complex patterns detected by panoramic radiographs among Turkish population

Abstract

According to the results of the present study, styloid process elongation is more common in older adults with no correlation to gender. In addition, menopause had no effect on the calcification or elongation of the stylohyoid chain. The sum of the elongated SP and the calcified stylohyoid ligament was 28.8 %.

The Origin of the Variations of the Hyoid Apparatus in Human

“…Alpoz et al (2014) noted that there was statistically no significant influence of gender on the symmetry of the styloid chain complex. There was symmetry of the styloid chain complex between the left and the right sides in a 83.8%.…”

“…Most of the theories are based on the ossification and/ or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament and explains the variations of the so-called "complete HA" or the elongation of the styloid process (Graf, 1959;Goldstein and Scopp, 1973;Frommer, 1974;Monsour and Young, 1986;Ruprecht et al, 1988;Camarda et al, 1989aCamarda et al, ,1989bOmmell et al, 1998;MacDonald-Jankowski, 2001;Krennmair and Piehslinger, 2003;€ Otzas and Orhan, 2012;Alpoz et al, 2014). The associated syndromes are also reported (Eagle, 1948;Eagle, 1949;Aubin and Estenne, 1954;Eagle, 1958;Koebke, 1976).…”

“…Montalbetti et al (1995) termed it "regressive ontogenetic development". Currently, the calcification theory of the stylohyoid ligament seems to be accepted for pathogenesis of several syndromes associated with the so-called stylohyoid chain (Ferrario et al, 1990;MacDonald-Jankowski, 2001;Alpoz et al, 2014).…”

Untitled

“…Yet another proposed mechanism is the elongation or extension of the osseous styloid process so that it merges with an independently calcified stylohyoid ligament [4]. Many researchers have compared the prevalence and severity of mineralized area in stylohyoid ligament with age and highly different results are obtained [7][8][9]. O Correll et al did not express any relationship between length of the mineralization and age [7], whereas Ruprecht and colleagues found an opposing trend with increasing age and further ossification of stylohyoid ligament [9].…”

“…Many researchers have compared the prevalence and severity of mineralized area in stylohyoid ligament with age and highly different results are obtained [7][8][9]. O Correll et al did not express any relationship between length of the mineralization and age [7], whereas Ruprecht and colleagues found an opposing trend with increasing age and further ossification of stylohyoid ligament [9]. On the other hand, Ferrario was found a relationship between the number and length of mineralized stylohyoid ligaments and patient age [8].…”