Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the United States

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed in approximately one in 1,300 pediatric hospitalizations. Approximately half of patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation do not survive to discharge. Independent risk factors for mortality after receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation included congenital heart disease, age ≥1 yr, acute renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, and sepsis.

Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement

“…Approximately 209 000 adults 2 and more than 6000 children 3 receive CPR for IHCAs in the United States annually. In contrast to adult OHCAs, which are mostly due to presumed cardiac etiologies and occur unexpectedly, most IHCAs are secondary to presumed acute respiratory compromise and/ or circulatory shock, with predictable progressive deterioration before the event.…”

Current monitoring and innovative predictive modeling to improve care in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit

“…The prevalence of CA in hospitalized children is 0.77 per 1,000 admissions (22), and the relative incidence is higher in children with cardiac disease (23). Although these events are rare they consume a large proportion of medical costs, therapies, and morbidity (6,(23)(24)(25).…”

An Update on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

“…Specifically, the determination of pulselessness in children with poor perfusion is difficult [4] and the indication for beginning CPR for bradycardia with poor perfusion complicates definitions pertaining to pediatric IHCA [5]. Regardless, based on cardiac arrest registries and administrative databases, greater than 6000 children receive CPR in the USA annually [6,7]. This amounts to 0.77 children receiving CPR per 1000 hospital admissions [6].…”

“…Regardless, based on cardiac arrest registries and administrative databases, greater than 6000 children receive CPR in the USA annually [6,7]. This amounts to 0.77 children receiving CPR per 1000 hospital admissions [6]. Due in part to the widespread implementation of rapid response systems in most children's hospitals [8][9][10] and the recognition of at-risk in-patients, >95% of CPR events in the USA occur in ICUs [11].…”