Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Prisoners in Central Brazil

Puga, Marco Antonio Moreira; Bandeira, Larissa Melo; Pompílio, Maurício Antônio; Croda, Júlio; Rezende, Grazielli Rocha de; Dorisbor, Luiz Fernando Paiva; Tanaka, Tayana Serpa Ortiz; Cesar, Gabriela Alves; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Simionatto, Simone; Novais, Alisson Richard Teixeira; Nepomuceno, Bruna B.; Castro, Ludiele Souza; Lago, Bárbara Vieira do; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169195

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Compared to international studies, this rate is higher than the prevalence reported among prisoners in Italy (22.4%) [ 27 ], in Brazil (2.4%) [ 17 ], and in France (4.8%) [ 28 ], and lower than the prevalence reported in California (34.3%) [ 29 ] and in Indonesia (34.1%) [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…In our findings, the OR for HCV for prisoners who inject drugs compared to other prisoners was 3.54. Findings from various studies indicate that prisoners are potentially susceptible to HCV [ 17 , 37 , 38 ]. The OR in prisoners who had a history of sharing syringes/needles was 4.06 in comparison with other people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More in detail, several studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of HCV worldwide, reporting different findings. For example, 22.7% of prisoners in Spain [ 14 ], 6.9% in Sri Lanka [ 15 ], 17.7% in Turkey [ 16 ], 2.4% in Brazil [ 17 ], and 10.1% in the USA [ 18 ] have been found to suffer from HCV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Behzadifar¹,

Gorji²,

Rezapour³

et al. 2018

Harm Reduct J

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major public health problems both in developed and developing countries. Prison represents a high-risk environment for prisoners, in that it is characterized by high-risk behaviors such as injecting drug use (IDU), tattooing, unprotected sexual intercourses, or sharing syringes. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the prevalence of HCV among Iranian prisoners conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched different scholarly databases including Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/Web of Sciences, the Cochrane library, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO as well as Iranian bibliographic thesauri (namely, Barakatns, MagIran, and SID) up to December 2017. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the studies included. HCV prevalence rate with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Egger’s regression test was used to evaluate publication bias.ResultsFinally, 17 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, 18,693 prisoners were tested. Based on the random-effects model, the prevalence of HCV among Iranian prisoners was 28% (CI 95% 21–36) with heterogeneity of I2 = 99.3% (p = 0.00). All studies used an ELISA test for the evaluation of HCV antibodies. The findings of this study showed that the highest prevalence rate (53%) was among prisoners who inject drugs.ConclusionThe findings of our study showed that the prevalence of HCV among Iranian prisoners is dramatically high. Managing this issue in Iran’s prisons requires careful attention to the availability of health facilities and instruments, such as screening, and harm reduction policies, such as giving sterile syringes and needles to prisoners. An integrated program of training for prisoners, prison personnel and medical staff is also needed to improve the level of health condition in prisons.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Behzadifar¹,

Gorji²,

Rezapour³

et al. 2018

Harm Reduct J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…About three-fourths of women prisoners are mothers, the majority of them gave birth under the age of eighteen. The distance between the prison and their homes, lack of interaction with children and family, limited financial sources and confinement compromise a woman prisoner's ability to maintain these relationships [28]. They also experience trauma due to the forced separation imprisonment brings.…”

Section: Findings From the Analyses: General Challenges Faced By Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Psychological Impacts of Incarceration on Women Convicts - A Meta Analyses

Nambiar¹

2020

IJRASET

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The study evaluates the psychological impacts of incarceration on women convicts.According to study statistics majority of female prisoners suffer from emotional, sexual and physical abuse. Lack of adequate treatment or community support leads to crime and conviction. This study sought to explore women prisoners' perceptions of the impact of imprisonment on their health. In the past 2 decades, the number of female prisoners diagnosed with psychological disorders has risen sharply to more than twice the level of male prisoners. Female prisoners are 20 times more likely to die by suicide and suffer with suicidal tendencies than women of the same age in the general population.This qualitative study involved adult women prisoners in two central prisons in India. Focus groups and individual interviews analyzed how imprisonment impacted negatively upon their health. The initial shock of imprisonment, separation from families and enforced living with other women lead to serious mental health problems .Over the longer term, women complained of detention in unhygienic facilities by regimes that operated to disempower them, including in the management of their own health.

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“…In Brazil, the epidemic of HIV infection started in the industrialized regions of the southeast and south, and vulnerable urban groups have the highest burden of this infection [ 7 – 9 ]. However, in the last decade the HIV epidemic has reached inner cities and rural regions, far from the epicenter of the epidemic, where access to health services is limited and often low quality [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among manual cane cutters in low-income regions of Brazil

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn recent decades the epidemic of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections has extended deep into Brazil, including small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), and to evaluate immunization coverage against hepatitis B in a group of rural workers in Brazil.MethodsIn 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 manual sugarcane cutters of the Midwest and Northeast Regions of Brazil. All individuals were interviewed and screened for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV. Correlating factors with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. Positive Predictive Values, Negative Predictive Values, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated relative to vaccination against Hepatitis B, comparing anti-HBs titers to vaccination reports.ResultsMost reported previous hospitalization (55%), occupational injuries (54%), sharing of personal items (45.8%), alcohol consumption (77.2%), multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months (39.8%), and no condom use during sexual intercourse in last 12 months (46.5%). Only 0.2% reported using injection drugs. Anti-HIV-1 was detected in three individuals (0.3%). Serological markers of lifetime syphilis (treponemal test) were detected in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6–3.6) of participants, and active syphilis (treponemal test and VDRL) present in 1.2%. No samples were positive for anti-HCV. The prevalence of lifetime HBV infection (current or past infection) was 15.9%, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) were HBsAg-positive. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.53, CI 1.05–2.24, p < 0.01) and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months (OR 1.80, CI 1.25–2.60, p < 0.01) were predictors for lifetime HBV infection. Although 46.7% (95% CI 43.4–49.9) of individuals reported having been vaccinated against hepatitis B, only 20.6% (95% CI 18.1–23.3) showed serological evidence of previous hepatitis B vaccination (positive for anti-HBs alone).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of syphilis and HBV compared to the general population and the high frequency of risk behaviors show the potential for sexual and parenteral dissemination of these agents in this rural population. In addition, the low frequency of hepatitis B vaccinated individuals suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

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Prevalence and Incidence of HCV Infection among Prisoners in Central Brazil

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Challenges and Psychological Impacts of Incarceration on Women Convicts - A Meta Analyses

Epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among manual cane cutters in low-income regions of Brazil

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