Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis

Niu, Hao; Álvarez‐Álvarez, Ismael; Guillén-Grima, Francisco; Aguinaga-Ontoso, Inés

doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.02.009

Cited by 218 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…An explanation for this may be the recognition and reduction of modifiable risk factors across the life course. It is clear that the strongest risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia is age; however, it is unclear how early modifiable factors such as cerebrovascular risk factors, depression, and lifestyle factors such as exercise and education impact on cognitive function. Therefore, there is interest in how early these modifiable risk factors should be targeted to reduce dementia risk and improve cognitive function .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online assessment of risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in healthy adults

Huntley

Corbett

Wesnes

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online assessment of risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in healthy adults

Huntley

Corbett

Wesnes

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…AD is the most common type of dementia among the elderly. The prevalence of AD in Europe was estimated at 5.05% and increased with aging . About 10% of Americans at 65 or older, live with Alzheimer's dementia .…”

Section: Implications Of the Herpesviral Infections Hypothesis On Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviral infections and antimicrobial protection for Alzheimer's disease: Implications for prevention and treatment

Qin

2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Accumulating evidence suggests that infections by herpesviruses might be closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological hallmarks of AD brains include senile plaques induced by amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the extracellular space and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of phosphorylated tau protein. The prevailing hypothesis for the mechanism of AD is amyloid cascade reaction. Recent studies revealed that infections by herpesviruses induce the similar pathological hallmarks of AD, including Aβ production, phosphorylation of tau (P-tau), oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, etc. Aβ peptide is regarded as one of the antimicrobial peptides, which inhibits HSV-1 replication. In the elderly, reactivation of herpesviruses might act as an initiator for amyloid cascade reaction in vulnerable individuals, triggering the neurofibrillary formation of phosphorylated tau and inducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which can further contribute to the accumulation of Aβ and P-tau by impairing mitochondria and autophagosome. Epidemiological studies have shown AD susceptibility genes, such as APOE-ε4 allele, are highly linked to infections by herpesviruses. Interestingly, anti-herpesviral therapy significantly reduced the risk of AD in a large population study. Given that herpesviruses are arguably the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens and often reactivate in the elderly, it is reasonable to argue reactivation of herpesviruses might be major culprits for initiating AD in individuals carrying AD susceptibility genes. In this review, we summarize epidemiological and molecular evidence that support for a hypothesis of herpesviral infections and antimicrobial protection in the development of AD, and discuss the implications for future prevention and treatment of the disease.

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“…This number is expected to double every 20 years, reaching 74.7 million in 2030 and 131.5 million in 2050. This translates to approximately two new cases per 1000 people age 65-74, 13 new cases per 1000 people age 75-84, and 39 new cases per 1000 people age 85 and older, and the greatest risk factor by far is aging [19][20][21]. It is also a disease with great impact on the health of the patient, who becomes totally dependent, and the family environment, for their involvement in the care from the physical and psychological point of view.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease: Public Health Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Models in Alzheimer’s Disease

Garzón-Maldonado¹,

Torres²

2019

Redirecting Alzheimer Strategy - Tracing Memory Loss to Self Pathology

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Alzheimer's disease is currently a health care problem and in the future, when we have effective treatments, it will become a public health priority. Health systems should adapt to this situation. New technologies are tools that can improve healthcare and lower costs. The mobile phone with call o video call conference is going to suppose a radical change in the control of these patients. The telephone assistance to patient or relatives is very satisfactory for both due to the rapidity in the response to their problem and the comfort with which they are attended to. Also the health system reduces the costs of face-to-face consultation. In addition, this telemedicine could be applied for cognitive stimulation, with specific programs for each patient and for the follow-up of patients in their homes, delaying their entry into residences. The objective is to turn the patients and their caregiver into cotherapists together with the nurse and the physician, in the follow-up of Alzheimer's disease.

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Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis

Cited by 218 publications

References 63 publications

Online assessment of risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in healthy adults

Online assessment of risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in healthy adults

Herpesviral infections and antimicrobial protection for Alzheimer's disease: Implications for prevention and treatment

Healthcare Models in Alzheimer’s Disease

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