Prevalence and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Arbaminch General Hospital, Ethiopia: Cross sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundCurrently 93 million people are estimated as living with diabetic retinopathy worldwide. The prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in developed countries have been well documented; but in Ethiopia, data on prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy is lacking.ObjectiveTo determine prevalence and factors associated with development of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Arbaminch General Hospital, Ethiopia.MethodCross-sectional study design with record review of 400 diabetic patients was conducted at Arbaminch General Hospital from November to January 2015. Among 400 diabetic patients, 270 patients with baseline information and without history of hypertension at baseline were included in this study. But patients with gestational diabetes and with retinopathy at baseline were excluded from the study. Consecutive sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Data of cohorts was extracted from medical record using pre tested structured extraction check list. Data cleaning, coding, categorizing, merging and analysis carried out by STATA version 12. Descriptive statistics was done and presented accordingly. Bivariate binary logistic regression analysis was done to select potential candidates for the full model at P-value cutoff point ≤ 0.25 and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was made to estimate the independent effect of predictors on the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy. Model diagnostic tests were done, final model fitness was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi square test. Finally, statistical significance was tested at P-value <0.05.ResultPrevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Arbaminch General Hospital was 13%. Adjusted analysis showed that the odds of diabetic retinopathy were statistically and significantly associated with baseline age (AOR = 6.06: 95%CI; 2.42, 15.21), baseline systolic blood pressure level (AOR = 4.38: 95%CI; 1.64, 11.68), family history of diabetes (AOR = 0.22: 95%CI; 0.08, 0.58) and duration of diabetes (AOR = 8.84: 95%CI; 3.56, 12.89).Conclusion and recommendationIn the current study, prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 13%. Since baseline age ≥60 years, baseline systolic blood pressure level >140 mmhg, duration of diabetes ≥6 years and patients with family history of diabetes were statistically and significantly related with diabetic retinopathy, special care should be given in addition to routine care.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia

“…This study identified that diabetic retinopathy was 51.3% prevalent among the enrolled type 2 diabetes patients. This finding is higher than the prevalence previously reported from Arbaminch [29] and Jimma [28] in Ethiopia and from other parts of the world [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, our finding is lower than the one reported from Bahol in Iran [25].…”

“…The Diabetes Center of Tikur Anbessa Hospital is the major referral center for diabetes treatment in Ethiopia. The sample size was determined in advance based on the assumption of 95% confidence interval, 13% expected prevalence of diabetes retinopathy [29], and a 5% margin of error. The inclusion criteria were patients with type 2 diabetes according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria [30] and on stable anti-diabetic medication.…”

“…However, there is paucity of studies addressing the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and underlying risk factors in Ethiopia. Only a couple of studies so far attempted to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in pocket areas of southwest and southern part of this country [28,29]. But, we know little about the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and factors associated to it in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.…”

Magnitude and factors associated with diabetic complication among diabetic patients attending Gurage Zone hospitals, South West Ethiopia.

“…In this study finding; DM patients who live with DM between 6-10 years and above 10 years were1.79 and 4.68 times more likely to develop diabetes complication respectively when compared with patients who had live with DM less than 5 years duration. Thisstudy was similar with study conducted in "Felegehiwot" referral hospital, Bahirdar, Arbaminch and Jimma[(15), (16)]. So, patients should be clinical managed properly by initiatingearly diagnose and treatment.…”

Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study

“…In this study diabetic patients who were with systolic hypertension (Systolic Blood Pressure greater than 140 mm hg) was also one independent factor that determines the development of DR among diabetic patients. Similar findings were also reported in China (15), Arbaminch (14), Korea (28) and in rural India (37).…”