Prevalence and characterization of verotoxigenic-Escherichia coli isolates from pigs in Malaysia

Ho, Wingkin; Tan, Lai Kuan; Ooi, Peck Toung; Yeo, Chew Chieng; Thong, Kwai Lin

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-109

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Without the addition of thiourea to the PFGE run, all 12 Dnd + E. coli strains from previous studies [ 13 , 14 ] yielded degraded DNA despite repeated attempts (3 times) (Figure 1 (a), lanes S1-B2). However, when thiourea was added to the running buffer, there was a 100% marked improvement in typeability for all the E. coli strains (Figure 1 (b), lanes S1-B2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The dnd operon for DNA phosphorothioation modification system in Escherichia coli is located in diverse genomic islands

Yeo

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundStrains of Escherichia coli that are non-typeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) due to in-gel degradation can influence their molecular epidemiological data. The DNA degradation phenotype (Dnd+) is mediated by the dnd operon that encode enzymes catalyzing the phosphorothioation of DNA, rendering the modified DNA susceptible to oxidative cleavage during a PFGE run. In this study, a PCR assay was developed to detect the presence of the dnd operon in Dnd+E. coli strains and to improve their typeability. Investigations into the genetic environments of the dnd operon in various E. coli strains led to the discovery that the dnd operon is harboured in various diverse genomic islands.ResultsThe dndBCDE genes (dnd operon) were detected in all Dnd+E. coli strains by PCR. The addition of thiourea improved the typeability of Dnd+E. coli strains to 100% using PFGE and the Dnd+ phenotype can be observed in both clonal and genetically diverse E. coli strains.Genomic analysis of 101 dnd operons from genome sequences of Enterobacteriaceae revealed that the dnd operons of the same bacterial species were generally clustered together in the phylogenetic tree. Further analysis of dnd operons of 52 E. coli genomes together with their respective immediate genetic environments revealed a total of 7 types of genetic organizations, all of which were found to be associated with genomic islands designated dnd-encoding GIs. The dnd-encoding GIs displayed mosaic structure and the genomic context of the 7 islands (with 1 representative genome from each type of genetic organization) were also highly variable, suggesting multiple recombination events. This is also the first report where two dnd operons were found within a strain although the biological implication is unknown. Surprisingly, dnd operons were frequently found in pathogenic E. coli although their link with virulence has not been explored.ConclusionGenomic islands likely play an important role in facilitating the horizontal gene transfer of the dnd operons in E. coli with 7 different types of islands discovered so far.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1421-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The dnd operon for DNA phosphorothioation modification system in Escherichia coli is located in diverse genomic islands

Yeo

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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“…ostweaning diarrhea (PWD) is a serious condition frequently afflicting piglets after weaning (1)(2)(3) and is a leading cause of economic loss in industrial pork production (4,5). The pathology and etiology of PWD are complex, but the causative agent is believed to be enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (3,6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Situ Prebiotics for Weaning Piglets: In Vitro Production and Fermentation of Potato Galacto-Rhamnogalacturonan

Strube

Ravn

Ingerslev

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested.

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“…On the other hand, while E. coli O89/O162:H10 has been associated with hospital-acquired infections, in Asian countries (Lin, Kuroda, Suzuki, & Mu, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2019), E. coli O18:H49 and O78:H21 have been reported in wild animals from Europe and Asia (Bai et al, 2013;Eggert et al, 2013). Escherichia coli O130:H26 and O17/O44/ O77:H34 have been identified in human and animal samples from Asia, Europe, Australia, Antarctica and South America (Bettelheim et al, 2003;Delgado-Blas, Ovejero, Abadia-Patino, & Gonzalez-Zorn, 2016;Ho, Tan, Ooi, Yeo, & Thong, 2013;Mora et al, 2018;Müller et al, 2007). (Table 1).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International clones of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (CTX‐M)‐producingEscherichia coliin peri‐urban wild animals, Brazil

Carvalho

Fernandes

Sellera

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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CTX‐M‐type extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli clones have been increasingly reported worldwide. In this regard, although discussions of transmission routes of these bacteria are in evidence, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the epidemiological impacts of ESBL producers in wild animals. In this study, we have screened 90 wild animals living in a surrounding area of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan city in South America, to monitor the presence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative bacteria. Using a genomic approach, we have analysed eight ceftriaxone‐resistant E. coli. Resistome analyses revealed that all E. coli strains carried blaCTX‐M‐type genes, prevalent in human infections, besides other clinically relevant resistance genes to aminoglycosides, β‐lactams, phenicols, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin and quinolones. Additionally, E. coli strains belonged to international sequence types (STs) ST38, ST58, ST212, ST744, ST1158 and ST1251, and carried several virulence‐associated genes. Our findings suggest spread and adaptation of international clones of CTX‐M‐producing E. coli beyond urban settings, including wildlife from shared environments.

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Prevalence and characterization of verotoxigenic-Escherichia coli isolates from pigs in Malaysia

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

The dnd operon for DNA phosphorothioation modification system in Escherichia coli is located in diverse genomic islands

The dnd operon for DNA phosphorothioation modification system in Escherichia coli is located in diverse genomic islands

In Situ Prebiotics for Weaning Piglets: In Vitro Production and Fermentation of Potato Galacto-Rhamnogalacturonan

International clones of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (CTX‐M)‐producingEscherichia coliin peri‐urban wild animals, Brazil

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