To
develop luminescent molecular materials with predictable and
stimuli-responsive emission, it is necessary to correlate changes
in their geometries, packing structures, and noncovalent interactions
with the associated changes in their optical properties. Here, we
demonstrate that high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction can
be combined with high-pressure UV–visible absorption and fluorescence
emission spectroscopies to elucidate how subtle changes in structure
influence optical outputs. A piezochromic aggregation-induced emitter, sym-heptaphenylcycloheptatriene (Ph7C7H), displays bathochromic shifts in its absorption
and emission spectra at high pressure. Parallel X-ray measurements
identify the pressure-induced changes in specific phenyl–phenyl
interactions responsible for the piezochromism. Pairs of phenyl rings
from neighboring molecules approach the geometry of a stable benzene
dimer, while conformational changes alter intramolecular phenyl–phenyl
interactions correlated with a relaxed excited state. This tandem
crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis provides insights into
how subtle structural changes relate to the photophysical properties
of Ph7C7H and could be applied
to a library of similar compounds to provide general structure–property
relationships in fluorescent organic molecules with rotor-like geometries.