Pressure Effects on the Lamination of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Du, Jinglei; Tong, T.; Akande, Wali O.; Tsakiridou, Androniki; Soboyejo, W. O.

doi:10.1109/jdt.2013.2253085

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The evolution of the contact area has also been investigated for lamination processes in our previous work. 16 Hence, as an extension of prior work, this paper examines the effects of pressure on contact profiles of OLED structures with improved MoO 3 hole-injection layers that are deposited by thermal evaporation. Finite element simulations of the effects of pressure treatment were carried out using the Abaqus software package (Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corporation, Providence, RI).…”

Section: Finite Element Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Young's moduli were obtained from the nanoindentation experiments described earlier in this work as well as from prior studies. 15,16,[35][36][37][38] The Young's moduli and the Poisson's ratios of the materials used in the simulations are summarized in Table I. The Young's moduli of the various dust particles that are found in a typical semiconductor clean room environment are summarized in Table II.…”

Section: Finite Element Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Young's modulus of MEH-PPV was measured to be 11.5 GPa in prior studies. 16 The combined elastic modulus was calculated, assuming that the Poisson's ratios of MoO 3 and MEH-PPV were both 0.3. The combined radius was then calculated by assuming the substrate is a flat surface with an infinitely large radius, since the surface roughness of the substrate, 2.2 nm, is much smaller than the radius of the tip, 157.5 nm.…”

Section: Adhesion Measurements and Adhesion Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they have good optical transparency in the visible range, moderate conductivity, and low thermal evaporation temperature. 9 A number of researchers [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have studied the effects of pressure on the fabrication and performance of organic electronic devices. Kim et al 10 observed that OLEDs fabricated after pressure treatment exhibited a notable increase in FIG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considerably higher pressures are needed to deform stiff stamps over similar contact areas. In the case of lamination processes, the evolution of the contact profiles around dust particles has also been studied in our prior work, 16 in which numerical simulations were used to study the effects of pressure on conventional OLEDs that are relevant to displays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure-assisted fabrication of organic light emitting diodes with MoO3 hole-injection layer materials

Anye

Vodah

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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MPa were applied to organic light emitting diodes containing either evaporated molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) or spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-injection layers (HILs). The threshold voltages for both devices were reduced by about half, after the application of pressure. Furthermore, in an effort to understand the effects of pressure treatment, finite element simulations were used to study the evolution of surface contact between the HIL and emissive layer (EML) under pressure. The blister area due to interfacial impurities was also calculated. This was shown to reduce by about half, when the applied pressures were between $5 and 8 MPa. The finite element simulations used Young's modulus measurements of MoO 3 that were measured using the nanoindentation technique. They also incorporated measurements of the adhesion energy between the HIL and EML (measured by force microscopy during atomic force microscopy). Within a fracture mechanics framework, the implications of the results are then discussed for the pressure-assisted fabrication of robust organic electronic devices. V

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Section: Finite Element Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Finite Element Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhesion Measurements and Adhesion Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pressure-assisted fabrication of organic light emitting diodes with MoO3 hole-injection layer materials

Anye

Vodah

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Pressure-Assisted Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

Oyelade

Oyewole

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and analytical/computational study of the effects of pressure on photoconversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). First, an analytical model is used to predict the effects of pressure on interfacial contact in the multilayered structures of PSCs. The PSCs are then fabricated before applying a range of pressures to the devices to improve their interfacial surface contacts. The results show that the photoconversion efficiencies of PSCs increase by ~40%, for applied pressures between 0 and ~7 MPa. However, the photoconversion efficiencies decrease with increasing pressure beyond ~7 MPa. The implications of the results are discussed for the fabrication of efficient PSCs.

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Lamination of organic solar cells and organic light emitting devices: Models and experiments

Oyewole

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this paper, a combined experimental, computational, and analytical approach is used to provide new insights into the lamination of organic solar cells and light emitting devices at macro-and micro-scales. First, the effects of applied lamination force (on contact between the laminated layers) are studied. The crack driving forces associated with the interfacial cracks (at the bi-material interfaces) are estimated along with the critical interfacial crack driving forces associated with the separation of thin films, after layer transfer. The conditions for successful lamination are predicted using a combination of experiments and computational models. Guidelines are developed for the lamination of low-cost organic electronic structures. V

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Pressure Effects on the Lamination of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Pressure-assisted fabrication of organic light emitting diodes with MoO3 hole-injection layer materials

Pressure-assisted fabrication of organic light emitting diodes with MoO3 hole-injection layer materials

Pressure-Assisted Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

Lamination of organic solar cells and organic light emitting devices: Models and experiments

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