Presence of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Prochlorococcus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; in the aphotic waters of the western Pacific Ocean

Jiao, Nianzhi; Luo, Tingwei; Zhang, Rui; Yan, Wei; Lin, Yan; Johnson, Zackary I.; Tian, Jie; Yuan, Dongliang; Yang, Qingxuan; Zheng, Qiang; Sun, Jing-Yu; Hu, Dunxin; Wang, P.

doi:10.5194/bg-11-2391-2014

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(73 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The typical deep-water OTUs (SAR324 and SAR406) found in the subsurface of the CE indicate an intrusion of deep water in the CE core, consistent with a previous finding from a mode water eddy that also generated upwelling at its core (18). Prochlorococcus plays a key role in the global carbon and energy cycles, and our finding of this bacterium in the mesopelagic layer at the edge of the AE is consistent with the new discovery of Prochlorococcus well below the euphotic layer in the western Pacific Ocean (46). Recent studies indicate that physical-biological interactions have profound implications on the nitrogen fixation in mesoscale structures in the North Pacific Ocean (47).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Long-Standing Complex Tropical Dipole Shapes Marine Microbial Biogeography

Yan

Zhang

Jiao

2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbial population size, production, diversity, and community structure are greatly influenced by the surrounding physicochemical conditions, such as large-scale biogeographic provinces and water masses. An oceanic mesoscale dipole consists of a cyclonic eddy and an anticyclonic eddy. Dipoles occur frequently in the ocean and usually last from a few days to several months; they have significant impacts on local and global oceanic biological, ecological, and geochemical processes. To better understand how dipoles shape microbial communities, we examined depth-resolved distributions of microbial communities across a dipole in the South China Sea. Our data demonstrated that the dipole had a substantial influence on microbial distributions, community structure, and functional groups both vertically and horizontally. Large alpha and beta diversity differences were observed between anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies in surface and subsurface layers, consistent with distribution changes of major bacterial groups in the dipole. The dipole created uplift, downward transport, enrichment, depletion, and horizontal transport effects. We also found that the edge of the dipole might induce strong subduction, indicated by the presence of and in deep waters. Our findings suggest that dipoles, with their unique characteristics, might act as a driver for microbial community dynamics. Oceanic dipoles, which consist of a cyclonic eddy and an anticyclonic eddy together, are among the most contrasted phenomena in the ocean. Dipoles generate strong vertical mixing and horizontal advection, inducing biological responses. This study provides vertical profiles of microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure in a mesoscale dipole. We identify the links between the physical oceanography and microbial oceanography and demonstrate that the dipole, with its unique features, could act as a driver for microbial community dynamics, which may have large impacts on both the local and global marine biogeochemical cycles.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Long-Standing Complex Tropical Dipole Shapes Marine Microbial Biogeography

Yan

Zhang

Jiao

2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the summer SCS picoplankton occupy up to~80% of the total autotrophic biomass in surface waters [Wong et al, 2007], raising the possibility of preferential export of small phytoplankton. In fact, the latest genomic study revealed that substantial amounts of Prochlorococcus populations can be found in the deep waters of the SCS and LS [Jiao et al, 2014], which is supportive of the hypothesis of δ 15 N sink shift by small phytoplankton although the mechanism is not well understood. Flow cytometry-IRMS technique is not yet applied in the SCS to discern isotopic compositions of Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes.…”

Section: 1002/2016jg003618mentioning

confidence: 77%

Examining N cycling in the northern South China Sea from N isotopic signals in nitrate and particulate phases

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen sources and dynamics, one of the key issues in marine biogeochemical cycles, remain poorly constrained in marginal seas. Here we examine the nitrogen cycle in the northern South China Sea (SCS) by combining data from previous reports with a new data set of N isotopic compositions (δ15N) of nitrate, zooplankton, and sinking particles. Average δ15N in subsurface nitrate is 4.8 ± 0.3‰, similar to that of sinking particles (δ15Nsink of 4.4‰) through the euphotic zone (EZ) collected by floating traps and to documented mean (4.6‰) for long‐term mooring traps at 200 m. This along with oft‐observed shallow nitracline (<100 m) suggests that subsurface nitrate is the primary source of new N to support export production. Moreover, δ15Nsink at the bottom of the EZ resembles those of suspended particles (4.2 ± 1.0‰) and zooplankton (5.4 ± 1.0‰) inside the EZ. High similarity in δ15N among various types of particles including zooplankton in different size fractions in the EZ implies rapid N turnover in the ecosystem. In deep waters at 2000–3000 m, however, additional particulate N fluxes are found due to lateral transport, which contain 15N‐depleted particles, resulting in a downward decreasing trend of δ15Nsink. Incorporation of lighter N by bacteria and selective export of picoplankton are proposed as alternative mechanisms contributing to low δ15Nsink in the deep waters. The significant δ15Nsink change in the deep water column makes the SCS different from most other marginal seas; thus, caution should be made when using sedimentary δ15N to reconstruct paleonitrogen processes.

show abstract

“…Although a high proportion of community variation was depth-related, this might be due to depth being a proxy for various physiochemical factors in oceanic waters. For example, with increasing depth, oceanic waters are prone to become more dense with lower temperature, higher salinity, higher concentrations of dissolved organic matter and lower concentrations of oxygen, each of which is likely to influence microbial trophic function and community structure (Jiao et al, 2013; Pernice et al, 2015; Edgcomb, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For bacterial abundance analysis, which was only conducted for the samples collected in 2014, 1.8 ml seawater sample was pre-filtered onto a 20 μm pore-size membrane and then mixed with ice-cold glutaraldehyde (1% final concentration). Samples were stored at −80°C and were later measured by a flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter, Epics Altra II) (Jiao et al, 2013). Nutrient analysis (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate) followed Hu et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea

Sun

Huang

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Little is known about diversity distribution and community structure of ciliates in mesopelagic waters, especially how they are related to spatial and temporal changes. Here, an integrative approach, combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing and quantitative protargol stain, was used to analyze ciliate communities collected temporally along a transect from coastal to oceanic regions at depths ranging from the surface to 1000 m. The mesopelagic zone exhibited comparable alpha diversity to surface water which was consistent over temporal variation, with high diversity occurring at the interface with the euphotic zone. Comparison with the northeastern and the western Pacific Ocean revealed consistency of this vertical distribution of ciliates across oceanic basins. Mesopelagic ciliates harbored distinct community structure without significant seasonal differences, with the vertical variations driven largely by members of the classes Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with Scuticociliatia, Astomatida and Apostomatida, members of which are known to be bacterivorous and/or commensal/parasitic species, were more abundant in mesopelagic waters than above, implying they are an important component of food webs in the mesopelagic zone. A combination of depth, geographic distance and environment shaped the ciliate communities, with depth being the most influential factor. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis further indicated that 57.1 and 33.3% of mesopelagic community variation was governed by dispersal limitation and heterogeneous selection, respectively, probably due to the marked biochemical and physical gradients down the water column. This suggests that ciliate community structure in the mesopelagic zone is mainly controlled by stochastic processes. Collectively, this study reports mesopelagic ciliates exhibited high diversity and distinct community structure across spatiotemporal scales and informs the processes mediating ciliate assembly in the mesopelagic zone. These should be fully considered in future studies to build a more comprehensive understanding of mesopelagic microbial assemblages.

show abstract

Presence of <i>Prochlorococcus</i> in the aphotic waters of the western Pacific Ocean

Cited by 45 publications

References 64 publications

A Long-Standing Complex Tropical Dipole Shapes Marine Microbial Biogeography

A Long-Standing Complex Tropical Dipole Shapes Marine Microbial Biogeography

Examining N cycling in the northern South China Sea from N isotopic signals in nitrate and particulate phases

Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About