Presence and concentrations of the<i>Fusarium-</i>related mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins and moniliformin in finnish grain samples

Jestoi, Marika; Rokka, Mervi; Yli-Mattila, Tapani; Parikka, Päivi; Rizzo, A.; Peltonen, Kimmo

doi:10.1080/02652030410001713906

Cited by 195 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…On the other hand, although the ENNs, AUR, MON, EQU, BIK, BEA, fumonisins, FA, 3-ADON, NIV, ZEA, DEC, BUT, TENT, AOH and AME have been detected at lower levels than the DON, DON-3G and CULM, the presence of some of them have been reported for the first time in the current study in naturally infected winter wheat from Southern Europe. The levels of MON, BEA and NIV are comparable to those reported by Jestoi et al (2004), Uhlig et al (2007Uhlig et al ( , 2013 and Lindblad et al (2013). ENNs have been detected at comparable or slightly lower levels, depending on which growing season was considered in the previously cited studies, while AUR, ZEA, EQU, BUT and 3-ADON are present at lower values than those found by Uhlig et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of fungicide application to controlFusarium head blight and 20Fusarium andAlternaria mycotoxins in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scarpino

Reyneri

Sulyok

et al. 2015

WMJ

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Azole fungicides have been reported to be the most effective active substances in the control of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and in the reduction of the main mycotoxins that occur in cereal grain, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Four field experiments have been conducted in North West Italy, over a period of 2 growing seasons, in order to evaluate the effect of azole fungicide (prothioconazole) applications on the prevalence of emerging mycotoxins in common winter wheat under naturally-infected field conditions. Wheat samples have been analysed by means of a diluteand-shoot multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method. Twenty fungal metabolites were detected: enniatins, aurofusarin, moniliformin, equisetin, DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, culmorin, bikaverin, beauvericin, fumonisins, fusaric acid, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, decalonectrin, butenolide, tentoxin, alternariol and alternariol methyl ether. The most abundant fungal metabolites were DON and culmorin, with an average contamination in the untreated control of 1,360 µg/kg and 875 µg/kg, respectively, in the growing season with the highest disease pressure (2011)(2012). On average, the results have shown that the fungicide application significantly reduced the enniatins (from 127 µg/kg to 46 µg/kg), aurofusarin (from 62 µg/kg to 21 µg/kg), moniliformin (from 32 µg/kg to 16 µg/kg), tentoxin (from 5.2 µg/kg to 2.5 µg/kg) and equisetin (from 0.72 µg/kg to 0.06 µg/kg) contents in all the experiments. However, DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and culmorin were only significantly reduced in the growing season with the highest disease pressure. The other fungal metabolites were mainly found in traces in the untreated plots. These results, which have been obtained in different environmental and agronomic conditions, have underlined for the first time that the fungicide usually applied to control the FHB and DON content, also consistently reduces the main emerging mycotoxins of winter wheat in temperate areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of fungicide application to controlFusarium head blight and 20Fusarium andAlternaria mycotoxins in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scarpino

Reyneri

Sulyok

et al. 2015

WMJ

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“…For a given mycotoxin, the amount produced and its physical-chemical properties may be used for a first assessment of their environmental emission potential. Concentrations of enniatins in cereals can very well be in the order of milligrams per kilograms (27,28), i.e., similar to those of deoxynivalenol. Among all mycotoxins, moniliformin might dominate in runoff and drainage water because it is produced in high amounts (29) and because of its anionic and thus readily water-soluble speciation.…”

Section: ) (B) Deoxynivalenol Concentrations (Ng/l) (C) Zearalenonementioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Mycotoxins: Overlooked Aquatic Micropollutants?

Bucheli¹,

Wettstein²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

111

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Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are among the most prevalent toxins produced by Fusarium spp. They have been investigated in food and feed products for decades but rarely in the environment. We therefore established solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to quantify these mycotoxins at trace concentrations in aqueous natural samples. In a model emission study, we inoculated a winter wheat field with Fusarium graminearum and subsequently monitored deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in its drainage water. Before during and after harvest in June and July 2007, these toxins were emitted in concentrations from 23 ng/L to 4.9 µg/L for deoxynivalenol and from not detected to 35 ng/L for zearalenone. Simultaneously, in July and August 2007, deoxynivalenol was also detected in a number of Swiss rivers in concentrations up to 22 ng/L and zearalenone was present in several river samples below the method quantification limit. Other mycotoxins might be emitted from Fusarium-infected fields as well, because some of them are produced in similar amounts as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone and exhibit similar or even higher water solubility than deoxynivalenol. The ecotoxicological consequences of the presence of mycotoxins in surface waters remain to be elucidated.

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“…The fungi that produce moniliformin also produce other mycotoxins, such as fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, fusarins, trichothecene, and zearalenone [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89], which are generally found in mixtures with moniliformin [83][84][85][86][87][88].…”

Section: Moniliforminmentioning

confidence: 99%