Prescribed versus wildfire impacts on exotic plants and soil microbes in California grasslands

Glassman, Sydney I.; Randolph, James W. J.; Saroa, Sameer S.; Capocchi, Joia K.; Walters, Kendra E.; Pulido-Chavez, M. Fabiola; Larios, Loralee

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104795

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Fire decreased soil bacterial and fungal biomass and richness, corroborating previous post‐fire studies in Mediterranean shrublands (Pérez‐Valera et al, 2018) and forests (Dooley & Treseder, 2012). We noted a larger fire effect on fungal biomass and richness relative to bacteria, consistent with previous research showing that bacteria are more resistant to fire than fungi (Certini et al, 2021; Glassman et al, 2021; Pourreza et al, 2014; Pressler et al, 2019). Although richness and biomass increased over time for both microbial groups, 1 year was insufficient for either group to recover to unburned levels, consistent with previous studies indicating that in shrublands, microbial biomass and richness recovery could take over two decades (Pérez‐Valera et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

et al. 2023

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The rise in wildfire frequency and severity across the globe has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in controlling biogeochemical cycling and their role in the regeneration of post-fire vegetation, the lack of measurements immediately post-fire and at high temporal resolution has limited understanding of microbial secondary succession. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled soils at 17, 25, 34, 67, 95, 131, 187, 286, and 376 days after a southern California wildfire in fire-adapted chaparral shrublands. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 amplicons. Fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47%, bacterial richness by 46%, fungal biomass by 86%, and fungal richness by 68%. The burned bacterial and fungal communities experienced rapid succession, with 5-6 compositional turnover periods. Analogous to plants, turnover was driven by "fire-loving" pyrophilous microbes, many of which have been previously found in forests worldwide and changed markedly in abundance over time. Fungal secondary succession was initiated by the Basidiomycete yeast Geminibasidium, which traded off against the filamentous Ascomycetes Pyronema, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. For bacteria, the Proteobacteria Massilia dominated all year, but the Firmicute Bacillus and Proteobacteria Noviherbaspirillum increased in abundance over time. Our highresolution temporal sampling allowed us to capture post-fire microbial secondary successional dynamics and suggest that putative tradeoffs in thermotolerance, colonization, and competition among dominant pyrophilous microbes control microbial succession with possible implications for ecosystem function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

et al. 2023

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“…Finally, the IAPS changes the biochemical properties (total glomalin, microbial biomass C, exchangeable Na and Ca, and soil organic carbon content) from a tropical Cambisol that may directly and indirectly affect root colonization, AMF community composition and thus, contribute to a successful establishment of specific AMF species, such as C. etunicatum (by changing soil organic matter dynamics), R. aggregatum (by increasing the abundance of dead roots), F. mosseae, and F. geosporum (by increasing the soil electrical conductivity as a response to the increase on soil Na + and Ca 2+ contents) [41,44]. As revealed by our SEM approach, oxalic and malic acids, soil organic carbon, available P, exchangeable Na and Ca contents were positively influenced in the root zone of C. madagascariensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical characterization and mycorrhizal fungal community of plant species in the Brazilian seasonal dry forest

et al. 2023

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Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) have the ability to change the biochemical properties and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structure in their rhizosphere. Organic acids, microbial activity, and AMF play a key role in the invader's spread and also has interactions with the soil chemical factors. Our aim here was to assess the rhizosphere's biochemical factors, AMF community composition, and soil chemical properties associated with Cryptostegia madagascariensis (IAPS) and Mimosa tenuiflora (endemic plant species) from the Brazilian Seasonal Dry Forest. The highest values of total glomalin (5.87 mg g−1 soil), root colonization (54.5%), oxalic and malic acids (84.21 and 3.01 μmol g−1, respectively), microbial biomass C (mg kg−1), Na+ (0.080 cmolc kg−1), Ca2+ (7.04 cmolc kg−1), and soil organic carbon (4.59 g kg−1) were found in the rhizosphere of C. madagascariensis. We found dissimilarities on AMF community structure considering the studied plant species: (i) Racocetra coralloidea, Dentiscutata heterogama, Dentiscutata cerradensis, Gigaspora decipiens, and AMF's richness were highly correlated with the rhizosphere of M. tenuiflora; and (ii). The rhizosphere of C. madagascariensis was highly correlated with the abundance of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizoglomus aggregatum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Funneliformis geosporum. The results of our study highlight the importance of considering C. madagascariensis as potential hosts for AMF species from Glomerales, and a potential plant species that increase the bioavailability of exchangeable Na and Ca at semi‐arid conditions.

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“…Only a few studies have investigated the effect of prescribed fire on both soil fungal and bacterial communities, and the time resolution of sampling in these studies has been limited. These reports examined a western North American grassland ecosystem at single time‐point three‐years post‐fire (Qin et al, 2020), a central North American shrub‐encroached prairie ecosystem at two time points; pre‐fire and post‐fire (Mino et al, 2021), an Australian Eucalyptus forest at three time‐points following fire (Ammitzboll et al, 2022), and a western North American grassland at three time‐points post‐fire (Glassman et al, 2023). In this study, we build on this growing body of literature with a high temporal resolution time‐series following two prescribed fires in a western North American montane mixed conifer forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescribed fire selects for a pyrophilous soil sub‐community in a northern California mixed conifer forest

Fischer

Patel

Lorimier

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Prescribed fire is a critical strategy for mitigating the effects of catastrophic wildfires. While the above‐ground response to fire has been well‐documented, fewer studies have addressed the effect of prescribed fire on soil microorganisms. To understand how soil microbial communities respond to prescribed fire, we sampled four plots at a high temporal resolution (two burned, two controls), for 17 months, in a mixed conifer forest in northern California, USA. Using amplicon sequencing, we found that prescribed fire significantly altered both fungal and bacterial community structure. We found that most differentially abundant fungal taxa had a positive fold‐change, while differentially abundant bacterial taxa generally had a negative fold‐change. We tested the null hypothesis that these communities assembled due to neutral processes (i.e., drift and/or dispersal), finding that >90% of taxa fit this neutral prediction. However, a dynamic sub‐community composed of burn‐associated indicator taxa that were positively differentially abundant was enriched for non‐neutral amplicon sequence variants, suggesting assembly via deterministic processes. In synthesizing these results, we identified 15 pyrophilous taxa with a significant and positive response to prescribed burns. Together, these results lay the foundation for building a process‐driven understanding of microbial community assembly in the context of the classical disturbance regime of fire.

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Prescribed versus wildfire impacts on exotic plants and soil microbes in California grasslands

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

Biochemical characterization and mycorrhizal fungal community of plant species in the Brazilian seasonal dry forest

Prescribed fire selects for a pyrophilous soil sub‐community in a northern California mixed conifer forest

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