Preparation, properties, and applications of gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) in the environmental, technological, and biomedical sectors

Mushtaq, Farwa; Raza, Zulfiqar Ali; Batool, Syeda Rubab; Zahid, Muhammad; Önder, Özgün Can; Rafique, Ammara; Nazeer, Muhammad Anwaar

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.168

Cited by 116 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…This protein, which is derived from collagen, has a variety of functional groups, including a set of ionizable groups, such as aspartic acid -COOH groups, terminal -NH2 and -COOH groups, the -NH2 group of lysine, the imidazolium group of histidine, guanidinium group of arginine, as well as carboxyl and phenolic groups, that can be utilized as potential sites for different chemical modifications. Owing to the cross-linkable and graftable groups, it exhibits good flexibility to adjustments [ 132 , 133 ]. Those types of modifiable polymers can be utilized purposefully in many applications.…”

Section: Sustainable Materials For Dermal and Transdermal Patchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches

et al. 2023

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Skin is the largest epithelial surface of the human body, with a surface area of 2 m2 for the average adult human. Being an external organ, it is susceptible to more than 3000 potential skin diseases, including injury, inflammation, microbial and viral infections, and skin cancer. Due to its nature, it offers a large accessible site for administrating several medications against these diseases. The dermal and transdermal delivery of such medications are often ensured by utilizing dermal/transdermal patches or microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. These tools provide controlled delivery of drugs to the site of action in a rapid and therapeutically effective manner with enhanced diffusivity and minimal side effects. Regrettably, they are usually fabricated using synthetic materials with possible harmful environmental effects. Manufacturing such tools using green synthesis routes and raw materials is hence essential for both ecological and economic sustainability. In this review, natural materials including chitosan/chitin, alginate, keratin, gelatin, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, and collagen utilized in designing ecofriendly patches will be explored. Their implementation in wound healing, skin cancer, inflammations, and infections will be discussed, and the significance of these studies will be evaluated with future perspectives.

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Section: Sustainable Materials For Dermal and Transdermal Patchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches

et al. 2023

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“…The breakdown of collagens by MMPs brings rise to gelatin. In the wound milieu, gelatin provides a moist environment, enhances angiogenesis, scab disintegration, and improves growth factor-cell contact [62]. Gelatin has proven to influence wound healing by augmenting the homeostasis stage and absorbing wound exudate.…”

Section: Gelatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer-Based Wound Dressings with Biochemical Cues for Cell-Instructive Wound Repair

et al. 2022

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Regenerative medicine is an active research sphere that focuses on the repair, regeneration, and replacement of damaged tissues and organs. A plethora of innovative wound dressings and skin substitutes have been developed to treat cutaneous wounds and are aimed at reducing the length or need for a hospital stay. The inception of biomaterials with the ability to interact with cells and direct them toward desired lineages has brought about innovative designs in wound healing and tissue engineering. This cellular engagement is achieved by cell cues that can be biochemical or biophysical in nature. In effect, these cues seep into innate repair pathways, cause downstream cell behaviours and, ultimately, lead to advantageous healing. This review will focus on biomolecules with encoded biomimetic, instructive prompts that elicit desired cellular domino effects to achieve advanced wound repair. The wound healing dressings covered in this review are based on functionalized biopolymeric materials. While both biophysical and biochemical cues are vital for advanced wound healing applications, focus will be placed on biochemical cues and in vivo or clinical trial applications. The biochemical cues aforementioned will include peptide therapy, collagen matrices, cell-based therapy, decellularized matrices, platelet-rich plasma, and biometals.

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“…The physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties of gelatin dispersions, including sol and gel states and phase transitions (sol-gel and gel-sol transitions), have been widely studied [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Some studies indicate that the physical and physicochemical properties of gelatin dispersions are greatly affected by the chemical properties of gelatin molecules (mainly including amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, and structure of the gelatin peptides), the concentration of gelatin, and the presence of other compounds (such as sugars, acids, metal nanoparticles, carbonaceous materials, and minerals) in the gelatin dispersion systems [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Noticeably, the amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, and structure of the gelatin peptides were mainly dependent on the extraction method and the source of the gelatin [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noticeably, the amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, and structure of the gelatin peptides were mainly dependent on the extraction method and the source of the gelatin [ 15 , 17 ]. For example, fish-based gelatin generally has lower gel strength and results in lower viscosity in aqueous media compared to mammal-based gelatin with the same concentration [ 5 , 14 ]. Fish-based gelatin has been extracted from the skins and bones of a wide range of fish species using various methods, and therefore the physical and chemical properties of fish-based gelatin reported from different studies could be quite different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acidulants on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin Extracted from the Skin of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Zhou

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Foods

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactic acid (LA), citric acid (CA), and malic acid (MA) varying in concentration (0.5–2.0% w/w) on the rheological properties of fish gelatin (1.5–6.67% w/w) obtained from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus). The addition of LA, CA, or MA in gelatin dispersions significantly (p < 0.05) weakened their gel strengths, leading to a 14.3–62.2 reduction in gel strength. The gel strength, elastic (G′), and viscous (G″) moduli, as well as the gelling (TG) and melting (TM) temperatures of gelatin dispersions decreased with an increased level of acid added, implying the weakening effects of these acids on junction zones of the gelatin network in aqueous media. The addition of LA had less effect on these rheological properties of gelatin dispersions as compared to that of MA and CA, which were consistent with their effects on the pH of gelatin dispersions. Moreover, the reductions of TG and TM for gelatin dispersions with a higher gelatin concentration (e.g., 6.67% gelatin with 0.5% LA, TG dropped 0.4 °C) due to the addition of LA, CA, or MA were less pronounced compared to those with a lower gelatin content (e.g. 2% gelatin with 0.5% LA, TG dropped 7.1 °C), likely attributing to the stronger buffering effect of the high gelatin dispersion and less percentage reduction in the junction zones in the dispersion due to the addition of an acid. Incorporation of the effects of acids on the linear relationships (R2 = 0.9959–0.9999) between the square of gelatin concentrations and G′ or G″ could make it possible to develop a model to predict G′, G″, phase transition temperatures of gelatin dispersions containing different amounts of gelatin and acid (within the tested range) in the future.

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Preparation, properties, and applications of gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) in the environmental, technological, and biomedical sectors

Cited by 116 publications

References 232 publications

A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches

A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches

Biopolymer-Based Wound Dressings with Biochemical Cues for Cell-Instructive Wound Repair

Effects of Acidulants on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin Extracted from the Skin of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

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