Preparation of thin film alloys with electrodeposition from heterotrinuclear M1–M2–M1 complexes (M1: NiII, CuII; M2: CuII, CoII, ZnII, CdII)

Abstract

M 1 II -M 2 II -M 1 II type linear complexes (where M 1 = Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ and M 2 = Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+and Cd 2+ were prepared and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. They were then electrodeposited on mild steel surfaces by the use of rotating disc electrodes. The deposition potentials were determined from cyclic voltammetric i-E scans. The metal films deposited on mild steel surfaces were characterized with atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ion chromatography (IC) methods. Although the stoichiometric quantity of M 2 metal cation was half of the M 1 metal cation in the complex, the amount of M 2 metal deposited upon the surface was markedly greater. The amount of M 2 ion deposited on the surface was found to increase with the hardness of the ion. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the excessively deposited metal on the surface was in metallic form as well as alloy. The size of the deposited film particles was investigated by the use of atomic force microscope (AFM) technique and the particles were observed to be bigger than nanoparticle size.

Experimental Design and Response Surface Analysis as Available Tools for Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Electrodeposition Processes

“…For example, electrodeposited Cu is the material of choice for the interconnects in ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits, and electrodeposited soft magnetic alloys are an important component of magnetic recording heads (Schwarzacher, 2004;Yoshida et al, 2009). In fact, the deposition of alloy coatings is one of the most rapidly expanding topics in the current literature (Oriňáková et al, 2006;Santana et al, 2006Dubent, 2007;Ferreira et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2008;Brankovic et al, 2009;Gupta & Podlaha, 2010, Düzgün et al, 2010. Compared to the electrodeposition of a single metal, alloy coatings show better properties because their chemical composition can be varied to the required function.…”