Aqueous bubbles stabilized solely by micrometer-sized, near-monodisperse, sterically stabilized polystyrene (PS) latex particles can be transformed into polymeric hollow microspheres containing air by exposure to a solvent: the PS particles adsorbed at the airwater interface are plasticized with the solvent to form a polymer film on the surface of the aqueous bubbles.Solid colloidal particles are well known to stabilize liquid bubbles by adsorbing to gasliquid interfaces. can all work as efficient particulate bubble stabilizers. Recent studies confirmed that there are many similarities between particle-stabilized bubbles and emulsions. 3,7,25 In principle, synthetic organic polymer particles should be particularly attractive as bubble stabilizers because they can be readily designed with specific surface chemistries using various functional monomers. Thanks to this advantage, it is possible to introduce a stimulus-responsive character to the bubbles. For example, stimulus-responsive aqueous bubbles, whose stability and structure can be controlled by external stimuli including pH and temperature, can be fabricated using polymer particles.
2628One of the other attractive features of polymer particles is their film-forming ability, which has been widely employed in the paint, adhesive, and paper industries.
29Herein, we describe the preparation of aqueous bubbles stabilized with polymer particles and the fabrication of polymeric hollow microspheres by solvent treatment (Scheme 1). Films formed from polymer particles adsorbed on the air bubble surface should lead to reduced pore size between particles and form a rigid shell on the air bubbles. The resulting air bubbles and polymeric hollow microspheres were extensively characterized in terms of their size and morphology using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Free radical dispersion polymerization was conducted in 2-propanol using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) as a steric stabilizer to synthesize near-monodisperse PNVP-stabilized polystyrene (PS) latex particles (PNVPPS particles).19,30 After eight centrifugation/redispersion cycles using water to remove the nonadsorbed PNVP stabilizer, the supernatant surface tension was 69 mN m
¹1, which is close to that of pure water. This confirms that the concentration of the nonadsorbed PNVP stabilizer in the aqueous phase is close to zero. SEM studies of dried PNVPPS particles confirm that the PNVPPS particles with spherical morphology were obtained and the numberaverage particle diameter (D n ) and associated polydispersity (D w /D n ) were estimated to be 1.51 « 0.03¯m and 1.01, respectively. Laser diffraction particle size analysis was used to determine that the volume-average diameter in water was 1.70 « 0.40¯m, which is similar to the number-average diameter. The PNVP colloidal stabilizer should be adsorbed to the PS particle surface to confer steric stabilization, because a colloidally stable aqueous dispersion was obtained. Unfortunately, nitrogen element originating from PNVP on the PS p...