Preparation of PEMFC Electrodes from Milligram-Amounts of Catalyst Powder

Yarlagadda, Venkata; McKinney, Samuel; Keary, Cristin L.; Thompson, Levi T.; Zulevi, Barr; Kongkanand, Anusorn

doi:10.1149/2.1461707jes

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The variation in the intermolecular forces at the metastable zone of nucleation growth by the presence of an additional concentration of metals may be the driving cause for the variation in particle size. Similar results were observed by Antolini [ 89 ] and Yarlagadda et al [ 90 ].…”

Section: Particle Size Control Aspects Of Microreactor During Syntsupporting

confidence: 91%

Process Intensification Approach Using Microreactors for Synthesizing Nanomaterials—A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Nanomaterials have found many applications due to their unique properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, density, strength, and many more. This review focuses on the recent developments on the synthesis of nanomaterials using process intensification. The review covers the designing of microreactors, design principles, and fundamental mechanisms involved in process intensification using microreactors for synthesizing nanomaterials. The microfluidics technology operates in continuous mode as well as the segmented flow of gas–liquid combinations. Various examples from the literature are discussed in detail highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of microfluidics technology for nanomaterial synthesis.

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Section: Particle Size Control Aspects Of Microreactor During Syntsupporting

confidence: 91%

Process Intensification Approach Using Microreactors for Synthesizing Nanomaterials—A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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“…15 In the present work, the catalyst film on the GDL (i.e. the GDE) is prepared by vacuum filtration as described by Yarlagadda et al 21 4 In the SI it is demonstrated that with the established procedure, reproducible particle size distributions of the different Pt/C catalysts could be determined before ( Figure S5) as well as after the ASTs (Figure S6). The same reproducibility is observed for the determined values of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), see relatively low standard deviations from the measurements of three catalyst films in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The Sigracet 39BC gas diffusion layer (GDL) was placed in a vacuum filtration setup between a glass funnel and a sand core filter. All this was placed on a collecting bottle as described by Yarlagadda et al 21 . 4 mL of the inks were diluted with mL of Milli-Q water and 29 mL of IPA (water-IPA ratio of 1:3, Pt concentration of 0.05 mg L -1 ).…”

Section: Vacuum Filtration and Pressing Of Gdementioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Probe the Degradation of Fuel Catalysts Under Realistic Conditions: Combining Tests in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Schröder

Quinson²,

Mathiesen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A new approach for efficiently investigating the degradation of fuel cell catalysts under realistic conditions is presented combining accelerated stress tests (ASTs) in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). GDE setups were recently introduced as a novel testing tool combining the advantages of classical electrochemical cells with a three-electrode setup and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). SAXS characterization of the catalyst layer enables an evaluation of the particle size distribution of the catalyst and its changes upon applying an AST. The straight-forward approach not only enables stability testing of fuel cell catalysts in a comparative and reproducible manner, it also allows mechanistic insights into the degradation mechanism. In contrast to standard rotating disk electrode measurements or identical location microscopy, typical metal loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), i.e. 0.2 mgPt cm-2geo, are applied in the GDE and the degradation of the overall (whole) catalyst layer is probed. For the first time, realistic degradation tests can be performed comparing a set of catalysts with several repeats within reasonable time. It is demonstrated that independent of the initial particle size in the pristine catalyst, for ASTs simulating load cycle conditions in a PEMFC, all catalysts degrade to a similar particle size distribution. <br>

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“…To prepare the catalyst films, a cylindrical reservoir with a cross-sectional area of 10.75 cm 2 was placed on top of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) with an MPL (Sigracet 39BC), which was positioned onto a sand core filter. All this was placed on a collecting bottle, as described by Yarlagadda et al 23 . The reservoir was filled with 20 mL of ink and a vacuum was applied with the help of a water jet pump.…”

Section: Working Electrode Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-supported Platinum Electrocatalysts probed in a Gas Diffusion Setup with Alkaline Environment: how Particle Size and Mesoscopic Environment influence the Degradation Mechanism

Alinejad¹,

Quinson²,

Schröder³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this work, we investigate the stability of four different types of Pt/C fuel cell catalysts upon applying accelerated degradation tests (ADTs) in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup equipped with an anion exchange membrane (AEM). In contrast to previous investigations exposing the catalysts to liquid electrolyte, the GDE setup provides a realistic three-phase boundary of the reactant gas, catalyst and ionomer which enables reactant transport rates close to real fuel cells. Therefore, the GDE setup mimics the degradation of the catalyst under more realistic reaction conditions as compared to conventional electrochemical cells. Combining the determination of the loss in electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the Pt/C catalysts via CO stripping measurements with the change in particle size distribution determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, we demonstrate that i) the degradation mechanism depends on the investigated Pt/C catalyst and might indeed be different to the one observed in conventional electrochemical cells, ii) degradation is increased in an oxygen gas atmosphere (as compared to an inert atmosphere), and iii) the observed degradation mechanism depends on the mesoscopic environment of the active phase. The measurements indicate an increased particle growth if small and large particles are immobilized next to each other on the same carbon support flakes as compared to a simple mix of two catalysts with small and large particles, respectively.

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Preparation of PEMFC Electrodes from Milligram-Amounts of Catalyst Powder

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Process Intensification Approach Using Microreactors for Synthesizing Nanomaterials—A Critical Review

Process Intensification Approach Using Microreactors for Synthesizing Nanomaterials—A Critical Review

A New Approach to Probe the Degradation of Fuel Catalysts Under Realistic Conditions: Combining Tests in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Carbon-supported Platinum Electrocatalysts probed in a Gas Diffusion Setup with Alkaline Environment: how Particle Size and Mesoscopic Environment influence the Degradation Mechanism

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