Preparation of low-cost nano and microcomposites from chicken eggshell, nano-silica and rice husk ash and their utilisations as additives for producing geopolymer cements

Abstract

This work aims to prepare low-cost nanocomposite and microcomposite with lower molar ratio CaO/SiO 2 (0.4). Nano-silica, rice husk ash and calcined chicken eggshell have been used as silica and calcium sources. Metakaolin has been separately replaced by 0, 10 and 20 wt% of each composite in order to study their behavior on the properties of geopolymers. The hardener used is sodium waterglass from rice husk ash. The surface area of nano-silica and rice husk ash was 54.40 and 4.08 m 2 /g, respectively. The cumulative volumes of the control geopolymer, the ones containing 10 wt% of microcomposite and nanocomposite are 119.71, 89.92 and 110.49 mm 3 /g, respectively. The compressive strength of the control specimen is around 64.02 MPa. The one using 10 wt% of microcomposite was 68.97 MPa. It drops to 42.88 MPa when metakaolin was replaced by 20 wt % of microcomposite. Whereas the one using 10 wt% of nanocomposite was 30.03 MPa and it decreases to 26.05 MPa when metakaolin was substituted by 20 wt% of nanocomposite. It can be concluded that 10 wt% of microcomposite could be mixed to metakaolin for strength development and nanocomposite does not recommend to use as an additive for producing high strength of geopolymer cements.

Sustainable and circular agro-environmental practices: A review of the management of agricultural waste biomass in Spain and the Czech Republic

“…In 1987 and 1988, two research studies (3%) were carried out on the use of rice husk and/or rice ash for the production of building materials such as cement ash and concrete blocks ( Salas et al, 1987 , 1988 ). However, recently, some studies have continued to analyse the potential of this type of AWB for obtaining additives for cement, among other types of high-added value bio-based products ( Andreola et al, 2020 ; Tchakouté et al, 2020 ). In addition, artichoke crop residues have been used as a secondary raw material for cheese production ( Barbagallo et al, 2007 ).…”

Effects of Iron Minerals on the Compressive Strengths and Microstructural Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Materials

“…The obtained material was dried in air for 24 h and pulverized in the ball mill (MGS, Srl) for 30 min. The powder of kaolin was calcined at 700 °C using a heating and cooling rate of 5 °C/min in the programmable electric furnace for 4 h. The obtained metakaolin has already been described by Tchakouté et al [ 39 , 40 ] and is denoted as MK-MY3. Three iron minerals with different colours such as red, yellow and black, called FR, FY and FB, respectively, were purchased by the Serraciments company located in Barcelona, Spain.…”

“…The chemical compositions of the kaolin and rice husk ash are presented in Table 3 . Rice husk ash has already been used and is described by Melele et al [ 41 ], Mabah et al [ 42 ] and Tchakouté et al [ 40 ]. NaOH pellet was provided by the laboratory-grade granules (96 wt.%, Sigma Aldrich, Milano, Italy).…”

Investigation of the Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Materials Using Ferrisilicates as Additives Synthesised in Sodium Hydroxide Solution or Distilled Water

“…They reported that as the content of semi-crystalline calcium silicate hydrate in the metakaolin increased from 0 to 10 wt%, the compressive strength of the geopolymer materials increased from 37 to 51 MPa. Tchakouté et al [5] investigated the effect of microcomposites on the compressive strength of geopolymer materials and obtained the maximum compressive strength of around 69 MPa when metakaolin was replaced by 10 wt% of microcomposite. The effects of calcium aluminate hydrate synthesis on the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer composites were investigated by Moudio et al [6].…”