Preparation, characterization of NIPAM and NIPAM/BAM copolymer nanoparticles and their acute toxicity testing using an aquatic test battery

Naha, Pratap C.; Casey, Alan; Tenuta, Tiziana; Lynch, Iseult; Dawson, Kenneth A.; Byrne, Hugh J.; Davoren, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.02.001

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In fact, the EC 50 values determined in this study indicate a stronger toxic response compared to other ecotoxicological studies reported with co-polymers (Naha et al 2009a) and dendritic polymers (Naha et al 2009b). D. magna was shown to be one of the most sensitive species of the test battery employed in both previous studies, exhibiting the lowest EC 50 values of ~ 60 µg ml -1 for Nisopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)/N-tert-butylacrylamide (BAM) 50:50 co-polymer NPs (Naha et al 2009a) and ~ 8 µg ml -1 (0.13 µM) for polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation G-6 (Naha et al 2009b). These findings are in agreement with those of the current study, where, although in our study D. magna was not the most sensitive specie, the EC 50 values for D. magna were very close to those of the most sensitive, the algal test.…”

Section: Ecotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: > D Magna > T Platyurus > V Fischerimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The responses of the test species to two types of model ENPs are compared in order to evaluate their suitability and relative sensitivities for NP screening. A similar test battery has been employed to characterize the responses to a series of co-polymer (Naha et al 2009a) and dendritic polymer NPs (Naha et al 2009b) of systematically varying structure, and thus the consistency of study design enables comparison of materials response.The study will focus exclusively on amorphous silica NPs and polystyrene (PS) NPs. Crystalline silica NPs are known for their high toxicity in vivo and in vitro ) and in some cases are being used as positive controls within other NP studies (Lin et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological assessment of silica and polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by a multitrophic test battery

Casado¹,

Macken

Byrne³

2013

Environment International

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191

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Abstract.The acute ecotoxicity of different diameters of silica and polyethyleneimine polystyrene (PS-PEI) nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed on a test battery of aquatic organisms representing different trophic levels. Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Vibrio fischeri, were employed in a series of standard acute ecotoxicity tests and work was complemented with two cytotoxicological end points on a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG-2). Physico-chemical characterization of the NPs was performed in the different test media employed, using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potentiometry. In contrast to silica NPs exposure, for which no effect was observed for concentrations up to 1000 µg ml -1 for all in vivo aquatic organisms tested, significant toxicity was detected after exposure to PS-PEI NPs at concentrations from 0.40 µg ml -1 to 416.5 µg ml -1.Differing sensitivities for each NP diameter for the different organisms was observed as: P. subcapitata > D. magna > T. platyurus > V. fischeri.The effects observed were dependent in some cases on the NP size, a higher effect being observed for the larger NPs. Finally, cytotoxicity studies showed an effect at the highest concentrations for both sets of NPs which was greater in the case of the PS-PEI NPs.However, as agglomeration and sedimentation of the nanoparticles was observed at these concentrations, the cytotoxicity studies were found not to be a reliable ecotoxicity test model.Keywords: Nanopolystyrene; Silica Nanoparticles; Ecotoxicity; Cytotoxicity.3 1 Introduction.The development of materials and products at the nanoscale has become a major investment area on a global level. Nanotechnology is largely based on these materials, generally defined as nanomaterials (NMs), which, for regulatory purposes, have been recently defined by the European Commission (EC) as any natural, incidental, or manufactured particulate material which is in the unbounded, aggregated or agglomerated form and with at least a 50 % of the particles in the number size distribution that has at least one dimension in the size between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) (EC 2011). NPs fall within this definition, but to be more specific, NPs are defined as particulate materials with three dimensions of the order of 100 nm or less (Loevestam et al. 2010).NMs often exhibit enhanced or different properties when compared with the bulk material due to their extremely small size, consequent high specific surface area, surface energy and other factors such as larger proportions of under co-ordinated bonds and spatially constrained electronic wavefunctions (Lead and Wilkinson 2006). Certain NMs can offer, amongst others, distinct optical, electrical and magnetic properties, rendering them of great potential in a very wide range of fields and applications (Rao and Cheetham 2001). These, and other properties, make NMs very useful in technology and their use is rapidly increasing due to their applications in areas such as textiles, electronics, pharmaceutics, co...

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Section: Ecotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: > D Magna > T Platyurus > V Fischerimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ecotoxicological assessment of silica and polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by a multitrophic test battery

Casado¹,

Macken

Byrne³

2013

Environment International

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191

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“…In our experiments, the measured particle size of PNIPAM nanoparticles was found to increase with increasing temperature when they were prepared in cell culture media (Table 1), although in MQ water the particle size decreases with increasing temperature. This dramatic increase of particle size is characteristic of agglomeration (Naha et al, 2009b) The BET surface area of the unlabelled PNIPAM nanoparticles was found previously to be 5.77 ± 0.07 m²/g (Naha et al, 2009b). Zeta potentials of the PNIPAM nanoparticles were measured in MQ water, DMEM and supplemented cell culture media (Table 2).…”

Section: Characterisation Of Pnipam Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular localisation, geno- and cytotoxic response of polyN-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles to human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and colon cells (SW 480)

et al. 2010

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PNIPAM nanoparticles, with and without a covalently-linked fluorescent label, were prepared by a free radical polymerisation technique. The cyto-and genotoxicity of PNIPAM nanoparticles were analysed in two representative mammalian cell lines, SW480, a colon, and HaCaT, a dermal cell line. Physical characterisation in terms of particle size and zeta potential of the PNIPAM nanoparticles was carried out both in aqueous solution and in the appropriate cell culture media. Uptake and co-localisation of fluorescently labelled PNIPAM nanoparticles was monitored in both cell lines using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Genotoxicity analysis using the Comet assay was performed in both cell lines to evaluate any DNA damage. It was observed that the PNIPAM nanoparticles were internalized and localised in lysosomes within 24 hrs. No significant cytotoxic response (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in either cell line over concentration ranges from 25 mg/l to 1000 mg/l for all exposure time periods.Furthermore, no significant genotoxic response (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in either cell line over concentration ranges from 12.5 mg/l to 800 mg/l for all exposure time periods. The results suggest that the PNIPAM nanoparticles show excellent biocompatibility in vitro.

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“…The Alamar blue (AB) assay was carried out for quantitative measurement of cell viability 24,25 . Cells were plated at a seeding density of 1 x 10 5 cells/ml for the 24 hour test, 6 x 10 4 cells/ml for the 48 hour test, 4 x 10 4 cells/ml for the 72 hour and…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polymeric Excipients on Controlled Release Profile of Glipizide from PLGA and Eudragit RS 100 Nanoparticles

Naha¹,

Byrne²,

Panda³

2013

Journal of Nanopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery

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Polylacticcoglycolic acid (PLGA) 50:50 and Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles entrapping glipizide along with excipients were prepared using single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The objective was to develop single oral dose glipizide nano particles for reducing blood sugar level in diabetes induced experimental animals. Incorporation of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5%), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (0.5%) and Tween 20 (0.5%) in the organic phase during particle formulation improved release profile of glipizide from the polymer particles. Entrapment efficiency of glipizide in all the polymeric formulations was around ~70 %. Around 80 % of glipizide was released from both PLGA and Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles when 0.5% of PEG and Tween 20 were added during preparation. Incorporation of amphiphilic polymer during particle formulation not only improved entrapment efficiency of glipizide but also resulted in uniform stabilized nanoparticles having desired control release characteristics. Both PLGA and Eudragit nanoparticles were biocompatible to SW 480 adenocarcinoma human cell line at concentration ranges from 12.5 to 500 µg/ml. The efficacy of glipizide loaded particle formulations were evaluated in female out breed Wistar rats. Significant reduction of blood glucose level was observed (p ≤ 0.05) for 24 hours from a single oral dose using stabilized nanoparticles formulations.

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Preparation, characterization of NIPAM and NIPAM/BAM copolymer nanoparticles and their acute toxicity testing using an aquatic test battery

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Ecotoxicological assessment of silica and polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by a multitrophic test battery

Ecotoxicological assessment of silica and polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by a multitrophic test battery

Intracellular localisation, geno- and cytotoxic response of polyN-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles to human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and colon cells (SW 480)

Role of Polymeric Excipients on Controlled Release Profile of Glipizide from PLGA and Eudragit RS 100 Nanoparticles

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