Preparation, Characterization and Permeation Study of Topical Gel Loaded with Transfersomes Containing Asiatic Acid

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro permeation of asiatic acid (AA) in the form of a topical gel after entrapment in transfersomes by Franz diffusion cells. Transfersomes composed of soybean lecithin and three different edge activators including Tween 80 (TW80), Span 80 (SP80) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at the ratio of 50:50, 90:10 and 90:10, respectively, together with 0.3% w/w of AA, were prepared by a high-pressure homogenization technique and further incorporated in gels (TW80AATG, SP80AATG and SDCAATG). All transfersomal gels were characterized for their AA contents, dynamic viscosity, pH and homogeneity. Results revealed that the AA content, dynamic viscosity and pH of the prepared transfersomal gels ranged from 0.272 ± 0.006 to 0.280 ± 0.005% w/w, 812.21 ± 20.22 to 1222.76 ± 131.99 Pa.s and 5.94 ± 0.03 to 7.53 ± 0.03, respectively. TW80AATG gave the highest percentage of AA penetration and flux into the Strat-M® membrane at 8 h (8.53 ± 1.42% and 0.024 ± 0.008 mg/cm2/h, respectively) compared to SP80AATG (8.00 ± 1.70% and 0.019 ± 0.010 mg/cm2/h, respectively), SDCAATG (4.80 ± 0.50% and 0.014 ± 0.004 mg/cm2/h, respectively), non-transfersomal gels (0.73 ± 0.44 to 3.13 ± 0.46% and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 0.010 ± 0.002 mg/cm2/h, respectively) and hydroethanolic AA solution in gel (1.18 ± 0.76% and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/cm2/h, respectively). These findings indicate that the TW80AATG might serve as a lead formulation for further development toward scar prevention and many types of skin disorders.

Neutral Oil-Incorporated Liposomal Nanocarrier for Increased Skin Delivery of Ascorbic Acid

“…Owing to their polar surface charge, they are expected to attract large amounts of water, thereby increasing the movement of vesicles along osmotic gradients [ 41 ]. In line with these results, several studies have enhanced the permeation profiles of carvedilol intranasally, tamsulosin, and asiatic acid-containing transferosomes using Sod.DC as an edge activator [ 32 , 42 , 43 ]. Therefore, we selected Sod.DC as the edge activator and fabricated additional LOS formulations for optimization.…”

Probing the effectiveness of barrier creams against human skin penetration of nickel powder

“…From our data, the higher permeation of Ni observed by the application of formulation A may be due to the presence of two transdermal enhancers such as steareth‐2 and steareth‐21 (emulsifiers), which are able to facilitate the permeation pathway [49]. On the other hand, formulation B is an oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion containing hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, a polymeric surfactant that does not interfere with the skin structure [50]. Generally, in an o/w emulsion, the penetration of ingredients is higher when they are dissolved in the continuous phase of the emulsion [51].…”

Transdermal Delivery of 2-PAM as a Tool to Increase the Effectiveness of Traditional Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning

“…Phosphatidylcholine and Tween 20 are classic transfersomal ingredients [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. In addition to Tween 20, other non-ionic surfactants can also be included in the transfersome composition: sodium deoxycholate, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], etc. However, there are almost no references in the literature of a combination of non-ionic and cationic surfactants included in transfersomes, but there are studies in which cationic lipids were used [ 34 ].…”