Preparation and preclinical evaluation of a freeze-dried formulation of a novel combined multivalent whole-cell/B-subunit oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea

Borde, Annika; Ekman, Annelie; Larsson, Anette; Carlin, Nils; Holmgren, Jan; Tobias, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.011

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Borde et al . developed a novel multivalent oral vaccine which contains killed ETEC over-expressing the main ETEC colonization factors and a recombinant enterotoxin B subunit protein given together with a recently developed intestinal-mucosal adjuvant double mutated LT [96]. The authors produced a dry-powder formulation by freeze-drying the vaccine using insulin as a stabilizer.…”

Section: Current and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travelers’ Diarrhea: A Clinical Review

Leung

Wong

et al. 2019

IAD

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Background: Travelers’ diarrhea is the most common travel-related malady. It affects millions of international travelers to developing countries annually and can significantly disrupt travel plans. Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. Methods: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term “traveler’s diarrhea”. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. Patents were searched using the key term “traveler’s diarrhea” from www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Between 10% and 40% of travelers develop diarrhea. The attack rate is highest for travelers from a developed country who visit a developing country. Children are at particular risk. Travelers’ diarrhea is usually acquired through ingestion of food and water contaminated by feces. Most cases are due to a bacterial pathogen, commonly, Escherichia coli, and occur within the first few days after arrival in a foreign country. Dehydration is the most common complication. Pretravel education on hygiene and on the safe selection of food items is important in minimizing episodes. For mild travelers’ diarrhea, the use of antibiotic is not recommended. The use of bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide may be considered. For moderate travelers’ diarrhea, antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, and rifaximin may be used. Loperamide may be considered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. For severe travelers’ diarrhea, antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and rifaximin should be used. Azithromycin can be used even for the treatment of dysentery whereas fluoroquinolones and rifaximin cannot be used for such purpose. Recent patents related to the management of travelers’ diarrhea are discussed. Conclusion: Although travelers’ diarrhea is usually self-limited, many travelers prefer expedient relief of diarrhea, especially when they are traveling for extended periods by air or ground. Judicious use of an antimotility agent and antimicrobial therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea.

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Section: Current and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travelers’ Diarrhea: A Clinical Review

Leung

Wong

et al. 2019

IAD

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“…developed a liquid-killed, multivalent whole-cell-plus-enterotoxin-B-subunit oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic E. coli that induced an effective immune response in mice. 58 This vaccine is given together with dmLT (an enterotoxin-derived adjuvant) as a dry-powder vaccine formulation that is especially suitable for low-income countries.…”

Section: Oral Vaccination Preclinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases

Zheng

Díaz-Arévalo

Guan

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The development of a successful vaccine, which should elicit a combination of humoral and cellular responses to control or prevent infections, is the first step in protecting against infectious diseases. A vaccine may protect against bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral infections in animal models, but to be effective in humans there are some issues that should be considered, such as the adjuvant, the route of vaccination, and the antigen-carrier system. While almost all licensed vaccines are injected such that inoculation is by far the most commonly used method, injection has several potential disadvantages, including pain, cross contamination, needlestick injury, under- or overdosing, and increased cost. It is also problematic for patients from rural areas of developing countries, who must travel to a hospital for vaccine administration. Noninvasive immunizations, including oral, intranasal, and transcutaneous administration of vaccines, can reduce or eliminate pain, reduce the cost of vaccinations, and increase their safety. Several preclinical and clinical studies as well as experience with licensed vaccines have demonstrated that noninvasive vaccine immunization activates cellular and humoral immunity, which protect against pathogen infections. Here we review the development of noninvasive immunization with vaccines based on live attenuated virus, recombinant adenovirus, inactivated virus, viral subunits, virus-like particles, DNA, RNA, and antigen expression in rice in preclinical and clinical studies. We predict that noninvasive vaccine administration will be more widely applied in the clinic in the near future.

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“…There are no approved vaccines for Shigella , ETEC, and norovirus, though there are promising candidates in development and clinical trials. For Shigella , a S. sonnei O-antigen–rEPA chemical conjugate vaccine has not shown efficacy in young children below 3 years of age but demonstrated protection in older individuals. , Another vaccine, GMMA (generalized modules for membrane antigens), is now being investigated for efficacy in adults in Kenya. , There are two candidates for ETEC in clinical trials: ETVAX and a multivalent subunit tip adhesion protein. , A GI.1/GII.4 virus-like particle vaccine candidate for norovirus has shown promising efficacy in controlled human trials. , For other pathogens including Cryptosporidium , Campylobacter , and nontyphoidal Salmonella , there are few (if any) reported efforts ongoing for vaccine development.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…109,110 A GI.1/ .4 virus-like particle vaccine candidate for norovirus has shown promising efficacy in controlled human trials 111,112. For other pathogens including Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, and nontyphoidal Salmonella, there are few (if any) reported efforts ongoing for vaccine development.■ CONCLUSIONDespite being a top killer of children globally, diarrheal disease receives relatively scant attention compared with other major health problems in low resource settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Innovations in Addressing Pediatric Diarrhea in Low Resource Settings

et al. 2019

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Diarrhea has long been recognized as an important cause of mortality during childhood. In parallel with ensuring access to proven care practices is the imperative to apply modern advances in medicine, science, and technology to accelerate progress against diarrheal disease, particularly in developing countries where the burden of avoidable harm is the greatest. In order to highlight achievements and identify outstanding areas of need, we reviewed the landscape of recent innovations that have significance for the study and clinical management of pediatric diarrhea in low resource settings.

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Preparation and preclinical evaluation of a freeze-dried formulation of a novel combined multivalent whole-cell/B-subunit oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Travelers’ Diarrhea: A Clinical Review

Travelers’ Diarrhea: A Clinical Review

Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases

Innovations in Addressing Pediatric Diarrhea in Low Resource Settings

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