“…Different from some other metal ions used for initiating graft polymerizations, such as Co 3+ [30], [31], Ce 4+ ions introduce active sites to reductants by a single electron-transfer process and the formation of homopolymer is prevented. Ce 4+ initiated grafting polymerization has been successfully employed to prepare polymer brushes on flat substrates [32]. At the same time, hydroxyl terminated PEG and Ce 4+ are demonstrated to be an effective initiator pair capable of initiating polymerization of many monomers, e.g., acrylonitrile [33,34], methyl methacrylate (MMA) [35], acrylamide and methacrylic acid [36], leading to the formation of block copolymers comprising PMMA, PAN, PAM or PMA sections and hydrophilic PEG sections.…”